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REVIEW OF MORAL THEORY

REVIEW OF MORAL THEORY. Moral Rules/Ideals and Principles of Professional Ethics. Morality arises when people are brought to accept that rules are necessary for social living. THE SOCIAL CONTRACT.

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REVIEW OF MORAL THEORY

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  1. REVIEW OF MORAL THEORY Moral Rules/Ideals and Principles of Professional Ethics

  2. Morality arises when people are brought to accept that rules are necessary for social living.

  3. THE SOCIAL CONTRACT Set of rules, determining how people are to treat one another, that rational people will agree to accept, for their mutual benefit, on the condition that others will follow the rules as well.

  4. THE MORAL RULES 1. Don’t Kill 2. Don’t Cause Pain 3. Don’t Disable 4. Don’t Deprive of Freedom 5. Don’t Deprive of Pleasure 6. Don’t Deceive 7. Keep Your Promise 8. Don’t Cheat 9. Obey the Law 10. Do Your Duty

  5. MORAL RULES SUMMARIZED:“DON’T CAUSE EVIL”

  6. MORAL RULES UNIVERSAL versus ABSOLUTE

  7. THE MORAL ATTITUDE “Everyone is always to obey the rule unless impartial, rational people can advocate that the behavior be generally permitted for all under similar situations.”

  8. MORAL IDEALS 1. Prevent Killing 2. Prevent the Cause of Pain 3. Prevent Disabling 4. Prevent the Deprivation of Freedom 5. Prevent the Deprivation of Pleasure 6. Prevent Deceit 7. Prevent the Breaking of Promises 8. Prevent Cheating 9. Prevent the Breaking of the Law 10. Prevent the Neglect of Duty

  9. MORAL IDEALS “Prevent Evil”

  10. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN DENTISTRY BASED ON THE MORAL RULE “Do Your Duty”

  11. THE DUTIES OF DENTISTS ? 1. What counts in dentistry as causing harm, that is, violating a moral rule? 2. What counts in dentistry as avoiding the causing of harm, the violating of a moral rule? 3. What counts in dentistry as preventing harm, that is, keeping the moral ideals?

  12. THE TROIKA OF PRINCIPLES OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS • Beneficence • Respect for Autonomy • Justice

  13. BENEFICENCE

  14. HIPPOCRATIC OATH “I will use treatment to help the sick according to my ability and judgment, but I will never use it to injure or wrong them.”

  15. SERVICE TO THE PUBLIC AND QUALITY OF CARE The dentist’s primary professional obligation shall be service to the public. The competent and timely delivery of quality care within the bounds of the clinical circumstances presented by the patient, with due consideration being given to the needs and desires of the patient, shall be the most important aspect of that obligation. Principle 1 ADA Code of Ethics

  16. CONTINUUM OF BENEFICENCE Promote Good Prevent Evil or Harm Remove Evil or Harm Do Not Cause Evil or Harm (Non-maleficence)

  17. RESPECT FOR AUTONOMY

  18. TWO FACETS OF JUSTICE 1. “Each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive liberty compatible with a similar liberty for others - giving to each his/her right or due.” --Justice as Fairness -- 2. “Social and economic inequities are to be arranged so that they are both: • Reasonably expected to be everyone’s advantage, and • Attached to positions and offices open to all.” --Social Justice --

  19. FAIRNESS IN CARE “Giving to each his/her right or due”

  20. TREATING PATIENTS FAIRLY … Issues of Quality Care

  21. SOCIAL JUSTICE Refers to the Justified Distribution of Benefits and Burdens of Society

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