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Cell Organelles

Discover the inner workings of a cell through an analogy with a city, including cell membranes, organelles, and functions of eukaryotic cells. Learn about chloroplasts, mitochondria, and more.

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Cell Organelles

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  1. Cell Organelles Eukaryotic Cells

  2. Cell Parts • Cells – the basic unit of life • Organelles - small structures inside a cell with specific functions. Analogy – City of Rocklin

  3. 1) Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane Cell membrane Function: Regulates materials entering and exiting the cell. Allows material to pass through pores (holes). Analogy – Gowanda village limits

  4. 2) Cell Wall (Plant cells only) Cell Wall • Function: Provides support for the cell and the plant. • Structure:rigid and stiff Analogy – ground, rock wall

  5. 3) Chloroplasts (Plants only) Chloroplasts • Function: site of photosynthesis (converting sunlight and carbondioxide into sugar). • Structure: contains green chlorophyll Analogy – Solar Panels

  6. 4) Cytoplasm Cytoplasm • Function: Fills the cell and cushions the organelles that lie between the cell membrane and the nucleus. Gel-like Analogy – All air, water, life that are in Gowanda, except City Hall

  7. 5) Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough ER Smooth ER • Function: Transportation route for proteins. • Rough ER: has ribosomes • Smooth ER: no ribosomes • Structure: tubes and channels Analogy – Roads & Sidewalks

  8. 6) Golgi Apparatus Golgi Apparatus • Function: Processes, Packages, labels and ships proteins. -near ER Analogy – Post Office

  9. 7) Lysosomes Lysosomes • Function: packets of digestive enzymes that break down materials in a cell. • - In animal cells Analogy – Recycling center

  10. 8) Mitochondria Mitochondria • Function: Produce energy for the cell using oxygen and “food”– site of cellular respiration. “The Powerhouse” • -in all cells Analogy – electric plant

  11. 9) Nucleus Nucleus • Function: “Control Center.” Holds genetic material. • Structure: has a membrane and strands of DNA-chromatin, and nucleolus Analogy – City Hall

  12. 9a) Nuclear Membrane Nuclear Envelope • Function: Regulates what enters or exits the nucleus. Analogy – Walls & Doors of City Hall

  13. 9b) Nucleolus Nucleolus • Function: Produces RNA, which are used to make all proteins. • Structure: Inside Nucleus, separate from DNA Analogy – The Mayor

  14. 9c) DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA (chromatin) • Function: information on how to make proteins. • Chromatin – strands of DNA (normal state) • Chromosomes – organized DNA (present before cell division) Analogy – The Laws or City Code

  15. 10) Ribosomes Ribosomes Free Ribosomes • Function: Makes proteins. • Structure: small circular organelles Analogy – Restaurants, Factories, Builders.

  16. 11) Vacuoles & Vesicles Vesicles • Function: Storage for water, nutrients or waste. Analogy – Grocery stores, water tanks.

  17. YOU WILL LEARN THESE LATER…..

  18. Centrioles (Animals Only) Centrioles • Function: microtubules that help divide the cell during cell division.

  19. Cilia & Flagella Cilia Flagella Flagella • Function: provides movement for the cell or objects moving by the cell. • Structure: • Flagella – 1 long fiber • Cilia – many short fibers Analogy – Cars or bicycles.

  20. Cell Parts Analogy • Create an analogy (besides the city analogy) for the cell and its parts • Possible ideas: • Stadium • School • Country • Restaurant • House • Mall • Waterpark

  21. Stadium Example: • Cell membrane: wall of stadium, gates • Cytoplasm: everything inside the stadium. • Nucleus: the control room for the stadium. • Etc…

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