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Spectroscopy of Icy Planetoids

Spectroscopy of Icy Planetoids. Kristina Barkume Caltech. Collaborators: Mike Brown, Henry Roe, & Emily Schaller. Survey of the Icy Planetoids. Data Set:. KBOs with absolute magnitude < 4.7 (i.e. diameter > ~500 km) ~40 objects. Observations:.

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Spectroscopy of Icy Planetoids

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  1. Spectroscopy of Icy Planetoids Kristina Barkume Caltech Collaborators: Mike Brown, Henry Roe, & Emily Schaller

  2. Survey of the Icy Planetoids Data Set: • KBOs with absolute magnitude < 4.7 (i.e. diameter > ~500 km) • ~40 objects Observations: • 1.0-2.4 micron spectra from Keck Telescopes • .36-.9 micron spectra from Palomar 200” • Albedos with Spitzer Space Telescope • Search for moons with HST & Keck AO

  3. Near Infrared Spectrum of 2003 EL61 Relative Reflectance Microns

  4. Water Ice Model Near Infrared Spectrum of 2003 EL61 Relative Reflectance A =1- R(2.0)/R(1.7) A=55%±4 Microns

  5. Water Ice Model NIR Spectrum of S/2005 (2003 EL61) 1 Relative Reflectance A=87%±11 % Microns Barkume, et al. 2006

  6. Water Ice Model NIR spectrum of 2002 TX300 Relative Reflectance A=63%±12% Microns

  7. Water Ice Model NIR spectrum of 2003 OP32 Relative Reflectance A=75%±11% Microns

  8. NIR Spectrum of 2003 AZ84 Relative Reflectance Microns

  9. NIR Spectrum of 2003 AZ84 Relative Reflectance Water Ice Model A=22%±20% Microns

  10. TNOs with No Water Ice Absorption 2002 TC302 2002 UX25 Relative Reflectance 2002 AW197 2003 VS2 A=~0% Microns

  11. Water Ice Absorption A =1- R(2.0)/R(1.7) (2003 EL61)1 2003OP32 1996TO66 2002TX300 Charon 2003EL61 Quaoar Orcus 2003AZ84 Varuna 2002VE95 1999DE9 Ixion Huya 1999TD10 2003VS2 2002KX14 2001UR163 1996TP66 2000PE30 2003FX128 1999TC36 2002TC302 200OJ67 2002AW197 2002UX25 1993SC 1996TL66 1996GQ21 1997CS29 K40804A 1998WH24 1999RZ253 2000GN171 Absorption Reference: Barucci, et al 2006, references therein

  12. Crystalline Water Ice A =1- R(2.0)/R(1.7) ? (2003 EL61)1 2003OP32 1996TO66 2002TX300 Charon 2003EL61 Quaoar Orcus 2003AZ84 Varuna 2002VE95 1999DE9 Ixion Huya 1999TD10 2003VS2 2002KX14 2001UR163 1996TP66 2000PE30 2003FX128 1999TC36 2002TC302 200OJ67 2002AW197 2002UX25 1993SC 1996TL66 1996GQ21 1997CS29 K40804A 1998WH24 1999RZ253 2000GN171 Absorption Reference: Barucci, et al 2006, references therein

  13. Near Infrared Spectral Types Methane Water ice Featureless ~ 65% ~ 35%

  14. Absorption and Absolute Magnitude Absorption Absolute Magnitude http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/lists/TNOs.html

  15. Visible Colors of KBOs Absorption Red Blue VRI Color Gradient (1/ 100 nm) References: [2,3,4]

  16. A< 10% A > 50% A=10%-20% A=20%-50% Absorption and Eccentricity Eccentricity Semi-major Axis

  17. A< 10% A > 50% A=10%-20% A=20%-50% Absorption and Inclination Inclination Semi-major Axis

  18. Near Infrared Spectral Types Methane Very Water Icy Water ice Featureless H20 moons

  19. Impact Gardening Processes Cryovolcanism Continuum Population: Possible Very Water Icy Population: Possible Continuum Population: Possible Very Water Icy Population: Unlikely Giant Impact Differentiation Continuum Population: Unlikely Very Water Icy Population: Very likely for some Continuum Population: Unlikely Very Water Icy Population: Possible

  20. Wild Speculations Features of Families • Similar orbital elements & composition • Fragments can be similar in size to impact But consider…. • It’s the proper orbital elements that matter • dynamical life times are unknown However, families may exist in the Kuiper Belt if Dynamical Lifetimes allow

  21. Final Thoughts • We find evidence of water of ~1/3 of observed objects • We see indications that water ice objects are in two populations based on their physical features: • Very Water Icy • Continuous distribution • For the Very Water Icy Objects • The TNOs have similar orbital elements • Grey-Bluish Visible Colors

  22. References Infrared Spectra: 1. Barucci, et al (2006), references therein Colors: Hainaut & Delsanti (2002) Fornasier, et al. (2004) 4. http://www.physics.nau.edu/~tegler/research/survey.htm Rotational Periods: 5. Lacerda & Luu. (2006) reference therein

  23. Angular Momentum of Icy TNOs Reference: Lacerda & Luu. (2006) reference therein

  24. Rotation Absorption Rotation (hours)

  25. Distribution of Water Ice Absorption

  26. NIR spectrum of 2003 OP32 Relative Reflectance Microns

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