University of Illinois Swine Odor and Emissions Research Program Overview

1. University of Illinois Swine Odor and Emissions Research ProgramOverview College of Agricultural, Consumer, & Environmental Sciences University of Illinois

2. U of I Team • Agricultural Engineering • Ted Funk • Yuanhui Zhang • Sheryll Jerez • Jingwei Su • Matt Roberts • Animal Sciences • Mike Ellis • Beau Peterson • Alvaro Rojo

3. The “Illinois” Team • Illinois Pork Producers Association • Illinois Pork Emissions Reduction Advisory Committee • Illinois Attorney Generals Office • Industry Allies • The Maschhoffs, Inc. • Technology suppliers

4. Background • Continuation of efforts to develop/evaluate effective, economically viable technologies and approaches to minimizing emissions from swine facilities in Illinois • CFAR Strategic Research Initiative on “Swine Odor & Waste Management” • AGO funded project at the Henco facility • IPPA ad hoc committee • Discovery Farm Project

5. Funded Projects • Good Neighbor System • IPPA, NPB, CFAR • ELM System • IPPA, ELM • BEI Biocurtain • NPB, Maschhoffs, BEI • Discovery Farm Project • AGO

7. McLean Site Barn Layout Biocurtain Study 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 HWY 136 Good Neighbor Study ELM Technology Study Office

8. Monitoring systems at the site • Gas sampling and analysis equipment (continuous, automated monitoring of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide levels) • Air flow through the fans (continuous monitoring; estimate emissions) • Temperature in the barns, and incoming and exhaust air • Weather station

9. Emissions Monitoring System Gas sampling & thermocouple lines Anemometer Gas sampling line Conduit with gas sampling lines

10. Emissions Monitoring System

11. Weather Station

12. Emissions Monitoring System

13. Measurements • Ammonia & hydrogen sulfide (continuous measurement) • Dust mass and particle size • Odor intensity • Fan air delivery • Manure pH and chemical composition (N, P, and K) • Animal health & performance (mortality, morbidity, growth) • Bacteria levels • Materials use • Associated costs

14. Good Neighbor System(Funded by IPPA, NPB, CFAR) • Three-part system • Manure pit neutralizer • Liquid oil lid on manure surface • Acidified aerosol spray • Four barns • Replicated study • 2 treated, 2 untreated (control)

15. Good Neighbor System Liquid lid application Neutralizer storage Neutralizer application Atomization fluid application Control system

16. ELM Systems(Funded by IPPA, ELM) • Electrolysis of manure • Kills bacteria • Many of the odorous compounds in gaseous emissions result from bacterial activity • Four barns • Replicated study • 2 treated, 2 untreated (control) • Treatment every 2 months

17. Biocurtain + Electrostatic Precipitator(Funded by NPB, Maschhoffs, BEI)

18. Good Neighbor System Results

19. Good Neighbor System - Ammonia Emission Rates 15% REDUCTION IN AMMONIA EMISSIONS

20. Good Neighbor System - Odor Levels 33% REDUCTION IN ODOR LEVELS

21. Good Neighbor System – H2S Emission Rates 38% INCREASE IN H2S SULFIDE EMISSIONS

22. Good Neighbor StudyAirborne bacteria concentrations CFU/24 hr = Colony forming units collected over a 24 hour period 30% REDUCTION IN AIRBORNE BACTERIA

23. Good Neighbor SystemLive weight at 20 weeks post-weaning 6% REDUCTION IN WEIGHT

24. Good Neighbor System - Growth Rate (Weaning to 20 weeks post-weaning) 6% REDUCTION IN GROWTH RATE

25. ELM SystemResults

26. ELM System – Odor levels 27% REDUCTION IN ODOR LEVELS

27. ELM SystemLive weight at 20 weeks post-weaning NO EFFECT ON 20-WEEK WEIGHT

28. ELM System - Growth Rate (Weaning to 20 weeks post-weaning) NO EFFECT ON GROWTH RATE

29. BEI Biocurtain Results

30. Biocurtain StudyTotal Dust Concentration 67% REDUCTION IN DUST CONCENTRATION

31. Future Research • Components of the Good Neighbor System e.g., oil lid • Manure acidifiers • Best management practices • Nutrition/feeding management • Facility cleanliness • Improved growth/feed efficiency • Dust reduction technologies • Various additives

32. Other technologies • Biofilters • Chimney stack exhaust • Low-emission facility designs

33. Acknowledgements • Illinois Pork Producers Association • Illinois Attorney Generals Office • National Pork Board • The Maschhoffs, Inc. • Technology suppliers

35. Replicate 1 48” Fan Anemometer Gas sampling 36” Fan Anemometer Gas sampling 48” Fan Anemometer Gas sampling 36” Fan Anemometer Gas sampling 48” Fan Anemometer 48” Fan Anemometer 48” Fan Anemometer 48” Fan Anemometer 48” Fan Anemometer 48” Fan Anemometer 48” Fan Anemometer 48” Fan Anemometer Pit Fan # 2 Anemometer Pit Fan # 2 Anemometer Pit Fan # 1 Anemometer Gas sampling Pit Fan # 1 Anemometer Gas sampling Barn # 6 Control Barn # 7 GNS Pit Fan # 4 Anemometer Pit Fan # 4 Anemometer Pit Fan # 3 Anemometer Pit Fan # 3 Anemometer Inlet Temperature, RH and gas sampling Inlet Temperature, RH and gas sampling

36. Replicate 2 48” Fan Anemometer Gas sampling 36” Fan Anemometer Gas sampling 48” Fan Anemometer Gas sampling 36” Fan Anemometer Gas sampling 48” Fan Anemometer 48” Fan Anemometer 48” Fan Anemometer 48” Fan Anemometer 48” Fan Anemometer 48” Fan Anemometer 48” Fan Anemometer 48” Fan Anemometer Pit Fan # 4 Anemometer Pit Fan # 4 Anemometer Pit Fan # 1 Anemometer Gas sampling Pit Fan # 1 Anemometer Gas sampling Barn # 8 GNS Barn # 9 Control Pit Fan # 3 Anemometer Pit Fan # 3 Anemometer Pit Fan # 2 Anemometer Pit Fan # 2 Anemometer Inlet Temperature, RH and gas sampling Inlet Temperature, RH and gas sampling

37. Operation of the Good Neighbor System • Pit Neutralizer • The neutralizer solution was applied by 2 orbital injectors located in the middle of each half of the barn underneath the center aisle • The injection of the neutralizer solution was pH controlled • When the pH of the manure dropped below 7.4, the neutralizer solution was added to maintain manure pH between 7.4 and 7.5 • Atomization system • The atomization solution was applied twice per day • 2.5 gallons of solution were atomized over 45 seconds in each barn per application • The atomization nozzles were located every 12 feet over the middle of the pens on both sides of the barn

38. Good Neighbor StudypH Measurement Locations and Neutralizer Injection Sites pH Measurement Locations Neutralizer Injection Sites