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Writing Significance Tests. Four Steps to Include. Hypotheses Assumptions Mathematics Conclusion. Hypotheses. Clearly state H o and H a . Use correct terminology.
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Four Steps to Include • Hypotheses • Assumptions • Mathematics • Conclusion
Hypotheses • Clearly state Ho and Ha. Use correct terminology. • Include a definition of any variables used, in terms of the problem. For example, don’t just write “Ho: p=.15” without including “where p is the proportion of Americans who wear glasses.”
Assumptions • First, clearly state which test you’re going to use for the given hypotheses. • Next, clearly explain why each of the conditions for the test is met. Make sure to be specific and include numbers if necessary (ex. np=27>10) • Don’t just state the conditions! Make sure that you check them!
Assumptions • There may not be a concrete reason to believe a condition is true. In that case, simply state that you are unsure of the authenticity of the test (ex. SRS). • If you graph anything, make sure to include a sketch of the graph in your answer. • Always be sure to say “approximately normal” if you aren’t sure (CLT).
Mathematics • Include all appropriate numbers, including: • Test statistic (z-score/t-score/X2-score) • Significance level • P-value • Degrees of freedom used • It’s okay to do the work on your calculator, but be clear and organized. Show the formulas where the work came from.
Conclusions • First, clearly state your conclusion in terms of the P-value or critical value. • Then, restate the conclusion in the context of the problem, by describing what the conclusion means in terms of the hypotheses. • Be sure to use complete sentences and write legibly and intelligently.