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Geographical Influences on Weather and Climate

Geographical Influences on Weather and Climate. Mountains, Large Bodies of Water, and Wind. Mountains-Influence Temperatures . Mountains influence the area’s temperature and precipitation. As warm air rises, the temperature of the air eventually decreases.

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Geographical Influences on Weather and Climate

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  1. Geographical Influences on Weather and Climate Mountains, Large Bodies of Water, and Wind

  2. Mountains-Influence Temperatures • Mountains influence the area’s temperature and precipitation. • As warm air rises, the temperature of the air eventually decreases. • So temperatures in mountainous areas tend to be lower than those in flat areas.

  3. Mountains-Influence Rain Fall • Rain Shadow Effect- One side of a mountain receives more rainfall (windward side) than the other (leeward side) • As a warm air mass approaches a mountain, it is forced to move upward because of the slope of the mountain. • The air mass cools as it moves upward. The moisture in the air mass condenses and falls as precipitation. • The air mass has released all of its moisture. The dry air mass now moves over the mountain to the other side. The cool, dry air begins to sink. • As it sinks, it absorbs moisture and heat from the land. This often produces a desert on the other side of the mountain.

  4. Bodies of Water • WATER warms and cools slower than land. • Think of a cool swimming pool on a hot day!

  5. Bodies of Water • Areas of land that are close to large bodies of water have milder weather because of the water’s influence on the weather. Think of the Great Lakes! • The nearby water causes an increase in the moisture of the air, so in the winter these areas may experience heavy snowfall.

  6. WINDS & BREEZES • Both mountains and large bodies of water cause temperature differences. These temperature differences cause WINDS!!!

  7. Mountain And Valley Breezes Valley Breeze • The sun warms the air above the valley during the day. • The warm air rises and flows up the mountain creating a valley breeze. Starts in the valley. Named for where it starts.

  8. Mountain And Valley Breezes Mountain Breeze • At night, the mountains cool down faster than the valleys do because of their elevation. The cool air sinks and flows down the mountain. This movement causes a mountain breeze. Starts on the mountain. Named for where the breeze starts.

  9. Sea Breeze • During the day, air over the ocean is cool. Cool air masses form areas of high pressure. Air over the land is warmer, and as it rises, it creates an area of low pressure. • The cool, high pressure air over the ocean now flows toward the land, creating a sea breeze. • Starts at the ocean. Named for where it starts!!!

  10. Land Breeze • At night, the air over the ocean is warmer than the air over the land. The warm air over the ocean rises, creating an area of low pressure. The cool air over the land forms an area of high pressure and moves toward the ocean, producing a land breeze. • Starts on the land. Named for where it starts!

  11. Sea Breeze Land Breeze

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