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Language Study

Language Study. 英语的构词：转化、派生与合成. ( 一 ) 转化是由一种词类转化成另一种词类。 e.g. 1. Let us have a try. ( try v. → n. ) 2. Please hand in your paper. ( hand n. → v. ). 3. The crow emptied a bottle of water.

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Language Study

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  1. Language Study

  2. 英语的构词：转化、派生与合成 (一)转化是由一种词类转化成另一种词类。 e.g. 1. Let us have a try. ( try v. → n. ) 2. Please hand in your paper. ( hand n. → v. )

  3. 3. The crow emptied a bottle of water. ( empty adj. → v. ) 4. The girl in blue is my daughter. ( blue adj. → n. ) (二)派生是由词根加词缀组成的新词。其中词缀有前缀、后缀两种。

  4. 1. 前缀post- (1)表示 “在后面” postwar a. 战后的 postpone v. 推迟 postgraduate a. 大学毕业的 postscript n. 附言,后记

  5. (2)表示 “邮件, 邮政” postage n. 邮资 post office n. 邮局 postcard n. 明信片 postal a. 邮政的 poster n. 海报, 招贴画

  6. 2. 前缀sub- (1)表示 “在下面, 次一等, 副手” subtitle n. 副标题 subside v. 下陷,平息 (2)表示 “接近, 靠近” subcentral a. 接近中心的 subadult a. 接近成年的 subacid a. 略酸的

  7. n. 用功过度 n. 过度劳累 n. 用药过量 3. 前缀over- (1)表示 “过度,过分” overstudy overwork overdose (2)表示 “在……之上” overlook overlap overwhelm v. 俯视,疏忽 v. / n. 重叠 v. 压倒,泛滥

  8. (3)表示 “翻转” overturn n. 颠覆 overthrow n. 推翻 4. 前缀up- 表示 “向上, 在上” upward, uphold, uphill

  9. 5. 前缀under- 表示 “在 …… 下面, 下面的” underline, underground, underwater 6. 后缀 -fy 表示 “使……化 , 使……成” beautify, purify, signify, simplify 7. 后缀-dom表示 “等级, 领域, 状态” kingdom, freedom, wisdom

  10. (三) 合成是两个或两个以上的词合成一个词。 1. lifelong, worldwide, exam-oriented, new-born, well-known, three-legged, heartbroken, easygoing, soft-spoken, narrow-minded, seasick ... ( adj. )

  11. 2. weekend, railway, playground, greenhouse, passer-by, brother-in-law, grown-up, breakdown ... 3. half-hibernate, air-drop ... 4. myself, anyone, somebody ... ( n. ) ( v. ) ( pron. )

  12. Exercises 1. That man was _______ enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job. A. careB. careful C. carelessD. carelessness B

  13. 2. The soldier died for saving the child, so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai. A. die    B. dead     C. died     D. death D 3. The child looked ________ at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly    B. sadness     C. sadly     D. sad A

  14. 4. He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a ________. A. chemistry        B. chemical C. chemist        D. physician 5. The three- ________ chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off. A. legging    B. legged     C. legs     D. leged C B

  15. 6. Stephenson became the ________railway engineer in the world. A. lead    B. leader     C. leading     D. leadership C

  16. 7. When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem, Jack looked _______ about at his classmates. A. proud    B. proudly    C. pride      D. pridely B

  17. 8. To everyone’s ________，the girl finished the job quite well. A. satisfied        B. satisfactory C. satisfying       D. satisfaction D

  18. 9. — What are you doing here? — Oh, my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________ in English. — You can write ________ passage in English? A. 600 words；a 600-wordsB. 600-word；a 600-words C. 600 words；a 600-wordD. 600 words；a 600-words C

  19. 10. No one should enter the spot without the ________ of the police. A. permit         B. permission C. permitting      D. permittence B 11. You must come with us to the police ________. Our head is waiting for you. A. headquarters       B. headline C. headmaster        D. headache A

  20. 12. Letting that animal escape was no accident; you did it ________. A. intend          B. intention C. intentionally D. intentional 13. The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a _______ smile. A. practice       B. practise C. practical       D. practiced C D

  21. 14. The ________ ordered him to pay a $100 fine. A. judger        B. judgment C. judge        D. judgement 15. My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what is the _______ news about Iraq War? A. lately         B. latest C. later        D. latter C B

  22. 16. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________. A. longer        B. length C. long        D. longing B 17. To my ________，I passed the exam easily. A. joy        B. joyful C. joyless        D. joyness A

  23. 18. Canada is mainly an ________ country. A. English-speaking       B. speak-English C. spoken-English      D. English-spoken A

  24. 19. How________ he is! He is always acting _______. He is really a ________. A. foolish；foolishly；fool B. fool；foolish；fool C. foolish；fool；fool D. foolishly；foolish；fool A

  25. 20. The necklace that she lost is very expensive. It’s of great ________. A. valuable       B. value C. valueless       D. unvaluable B 21. There were ________ fish in the river in South America. A. in danger       B. danger C. dangerous       D. dangerless C

  26. 22. The letter “b” in the word “doubt” is ________. A. sound        B. silent C. silence       D. sounded B 23. The child looked at me________. A. stranger        B. strangely C. strange        D. strangeless B

  27. 24. The black people were against slavery and fought for their ________ bravely. A. free        B. freely C. freedom       D. frees C

  28. 25. What you said sounded ______ but in fact it was untrue. A. reasonable       B. reasonful C. reasonless       D. unreason A 26. We have to learn ________ technology from other countries. A. advance       B. advancing C. advantage       D. advanced D

  29. 27. The children live in a village ________. They come here almost every day. A. nearby         B. near C. nearly       D. near by A

  30. 28. Mr Black is an ________in the army, not an ________ in the government. You can not easily find him in his________. A. official；officer；office B. officer；office；official C. official；official；official D. officer；official；office D

  31. 29. You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep ________. A. health        B. healthy C. healthily       D. healthier B 30. ________ speaking, I didn’t do it on purpose. A. HonestlyB. Honest C. Honesty      D. Dishonest A

  32. Homework 1. Choose a best explanation for the word in red. (1). South Africa’s first multiracial election took place in 1994. ( ) (2). They used to be overworked and underpaid.( )

  33. 3. As he stopped speaking there was audible murmurs of discontent. ( ) 4. He holds a biannual exhibition of his works in Milan. ( ) 5. As it approaches the sea, the river begins to widen out. ( )

  34. 6. Capitalism is also based on the free exchange of goods and services in the world market. ( ) A. a social system based on private ownership of capital B. involving people of several different races

  35. C. happening twice a year D. become wide E. not be paid as much as necessary F. a feeling of wanting an improved situation 2. Preview the Integrating Skills part.

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