Section 2 and 3 Questions

1. Section 2 and 3 Questions • During the Nara period, the emperor’s power came from his control of the land & its ________. • Around A.D. 500, the _________ religion came to Japan from Korea. • In 1192, the newly appointed __________ created two governments in Japan. • When the Mongols attacked the Kamakura shogunate in the 1200s, a ________ helped the Japanese to defeat them. • Young samurai studied martial arts, astronomy, & ____________________. • Followers of Zen Buddhism control their bodies through _____________. • The art of Japan reveals the Japanese love of beauty & __________________. • Lady MurasakiShikibu wrote _____________, a book about a Japanese prince. • Japan’s wealth came form its farmers, artisans, and increased ______________. • Under Prince Shotoku, upper-class women enjoyed many freedoms, but when Japan became a __________ society, those freedoms were lost.

2. Nara Japan • Became the capital city of Japan in early A.D. 700s. • Resembled the Chinese city of Changan. • Emperors organized government into ranks. • Gov. jobs given to nobles of powerful families. • The emperors power came from control of land and crops. A census was conducted for tax collecting.

3. Main ideas The Rise of the Shogun The Government Weakens The Mongols Attack Who were the Samurai? What is a Shogun So what? What is important to understand about this?

4. The Daimyo Divide Japan 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

5. Samurai

6. Fought on horseback Samurai

7. Fought on horseback Later fought on foot Samurai

8. Fought on horseback Later fought on foot Used swords, daggers, bows & arrows Samurai

9. Fought on horseback Later fought on foot Used swords, daggers, bows & arrows Samurai Wore armor and helmets

10. Fought on horseback Later fought on foot Used swords, daggers, bows & arrows Samurai Wore armor and helmets Lived by the code of Bushido

11. Fought on horseback Later fought on foot Used swords, daggers, bows & arrows Samurai Wore armor and helmets Lived by the code of Bushido Were loyal, brave, & courageous

12. The Rise of the Shogun • A.D. 794 – Heian became the new capital of Japan. Today known as Kyoto. • A.D. 800s – Series of weak Emperors. Gov. declined. • To protect their lands, nobles built armies of warriors called Samurai. • Samurai followed a code of conduct called Bushido. It demanded loyalty, courage, and honor.

13. The Rise of the Shogun • The Gempei War – a civil war between the 2 most powerful clans in Japan. Taira vs. Minamoto. • The Minamoto won the war. Yoritomo was given the title Shogun to keep him loyal to the Emperor. Shogun – commander of all military. • Yoritomo was a ruthless leader. He and the shoguns after him appointed Samurai to run the provinces.

14. The Daimyo Divide Japan • As the samurai divided their land among their sons, pieces of land grew smaller, and the samurai grew resentful toward the shogun. • 1331 – The Emperor rebelled against the shoguns & many samurai joined him. The emperor won, but refused to give the samurai more land. • Ashikaga Takauji – general who turned against the emperor & made himself shogun.

15. The Daimyo Divide Japan • The daimyo were powerful military lords who controlled territories created after the Ashikaga shoguns took over. They protected their areas by creating their own samurai armies. • Vassals – giving an oath of loyalty to his daimyo in exchange for land. • Feudalism – granting land for loyalty.

16. The Daimyo Divide Japan • With no strong central government, Japanese warriors fought each other. The Onin War raged from 1467 – 1477. much of Kyoto was destroyed then. After the war, fighting spread throughout the country as daimyo resisted shoguns. • The Ashikaga shogunate fell in 1567.