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The Brain

The Brain. Brain Rap. EEG. electrodes on the brain that record brain waves. Especially useful in sleep studies. CT Scan. Especially useful in determining abnormalities such as tumors, decay, etc. shows structure of the brain. PET Scan.

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The Brain

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  1. The Brain

  2. Brain Rap

  3. EEG electrodes on the brain that record brain waves Especially useful in sleep studies

  4. CT Scan Especially useful in determining abnormalities such as tumors, decay, etc shows structure of the brain

  5. PET Scan Used most often in research and the study of cancer, epilepsy, Parkinson's, etc use dye to show brain activity

  6. shows tissue responses to pulses of magnetic energy *used to diagnose abnormalities in brain tissue (tumors, decay, etc) MRI

  7. fMRI distinguishes activity levels of individual brain cells during various mental processes

  8. The 3 Layers of the Brain • Brain Stem • Limbic System • Cerebral Cortex

  9. 3 Layers of the Brain • Brain Stem (R-Complex) • Limbic System • Cerebral Cortex

  10. Carl Sagan video

  11. Major Parts of the Brain Stem • Medulla- controls automatic functions • Pons- regulates sleep and dreams • Reticular Formation- core of BS; monitors incoming sensory info and attention and serves as Emergency Warning System • Thalamus- receives info and prioritizes and distributes it accordingly • Cerebellum- handles coordination and balance

  12. Anatomy of the Brain Stem

  13. Mike the Headless Chicken

  14. Major Elements of the Limbic System Exists in all mammals- involved in memory, emotion and caring for young • Hippocampus- establishes LTM • Amygdala- controls emotion; holds emotionally charged LTM; center of fear and aggression (Waterboy got this wrong- don’t confuse with medulla!) • Hypothalamus- body’s blood lab- monitors heart-rate, body temp, etc- important in _____ division of the PNS

  15. Cerebral Cortex • Primates ONLY: where all critical thought occurs

  16. Frontal- movement, thinking Motor cortex Parietal- touch, spatial relationships Somatosensory cortex Occipital- vision Visual cortex Temporal- hearing, speech, some LTM Auditory cortex Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex

  17. Phineas Gage

  18. Homunculus: represents the amount of space on the M and S cortexes dedicated for each location on the body. Which part of the human body has most representation on these cortexes? 2nd most? Least? Motor and Somatosensory Cortex

  19. Association Cortex • Majority of cerebral cortex is used to associate information from all cortical regions. • It will combine information from all over the brain, interpret the sensations, plan, decide and prepare us to act.

  20. Language Aphasiais an impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca’s area (impaired speaking) or to Wernicke’s area (impaired understanding).

  21. Cerebral Dominance • Tendency of each hemisphere to control certain functions

  22. Regulates + emotion Speech muscles Movement sequence Spontaneous speaking/writing Word and # memory Understanding what you hear or read Regulates – emotion Response to simple command Shape and music memory Understanding spatial relationships and visual images Recognition of faces Left Brain Right Brain

  23. Hemispherical Communication • Corpus Callosum: bundle of nerve fibers that transfers information between the hemispheres of the brain

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