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Soil And Foundations

Soil And Foundations. Two Methods of testing soil. Visual inspection – A large hole is dug preferably below footing elevations and different types and layers are inspected by qualified soil engineer. (bearing capacity is then estimated)

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Soil And Foundations

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  1. Soil And Foundations

  2. Two Methods of testing soil • Visual inspection – A large hole is dug preferably below footing elevations and different types and layers are inspected by qualified soil engineer. (bearing capacity is then estimated) • Drilling bore holes – (this is completed as a preliminary investigation) • It determines soil type prior to excavation • Identifies condition of underlying soils • Identifies level of natural water table • Determines the best elevation for the footings.

  3. BORING PROCEDURE • A Split spoon auger and casing is hammered and drilled into the ground sometimes to a depth of 25’ • The samples of soils are taken at certain intervals with the depth constantly measured • Penetration tests are done at certain levels (particularily at different layers) • Samples are researched in the lab • A soils report is written up with the cross section of the soil

  4. Soil stiffness and hardness • Is determined by a standard penetration test The number of blows it takes to advance a standard split spoon sampler 12” into the ground by means of a 140 lb hammer falling freely from a distance of 30”

  5. Common types of soil and their bearing capacities

  6. Special Design Considerations • All topsoil is to be removed • All loose earth to be removed under footing • Footings are not to be placed on frozen ground • Bearing soil must be natural, undisturbed soil • All mud removed prior to footing placement • Bearing soils should be consistent throughout structure (differential settling will occur otherwise) • The fill is to be compacted under the floors

  7. Use of Compacted Fill • Possibly under footings • Under floors in the garage • Under pipes in trenches • Trenches in general • Filled up area in the basement • Where ever there is a possibility that it could carry some weight

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