Test 1 Review

1. Test 1 Review

2. Arrays • What is an array? • What is name of the array? What is index? • What is indexed variable? Element of the array? • What is array size? • What is array’s base type? • How is array declared? • What do number indexes start from? • Can compiler detect an out-of-range index? • Can arrays be passed as arguments to functions? If yes by value or by reference? If yes, how’s size of array passed? • What does const mean in the following declaration? void myfunc(const int []);

3. Pointers • What is variable address, name, value? • What is a pointer? • How is a pointer declared? • What is address-of and dereference operators? • How can a pointer be assigned a value? • How can a value of a memory location referred to by a pointer be accessed? • What is a constant pointer? What is a pointer to a constant? • What is the relationship between array name and a pointer? • What is null pointer? What is lose pointer problem? • Can pointers be used with objects? How can a method be invoked on an object using pointer? • What is -> operator?

4. Dynamic memory allocation • What is static and dynamic variables? Why are dynamic(ally allocated) variables needed? • What is a heap? how is it used? • What is new and delete operations? How are they used? • How does one access a dynamically allocated variable? How does one assign a value to such variable at declaration time? • How can a pointer be passed to a function? • How does one create an array dynamically? • How to release memory?

5. Review on Strings • which header file needs to be included for string manipulation? • how’s a string assigned a value? Can a string be initialized at declaration? • what’s the difference in string input between getline() and extraction operator? • how are strings compared, concatenated? • how can the size of a string be determined?

6. File I/O • what is stream? • what is the difference between input stream and output stream? • how can a stream be defined? • what do the following functions do? • open()close() • c_str() eof()fail()exit() • can a stream be passed as a parameter?

7. Structures • what’s a structure? what’s the keyword to define a structure? • what are structures used for? • is a structure definition an executable statement? Can it be put in a header file? • why includeing a header file with structures definition multiple times is a problem? how is this problem solved? • what are #define #ifndef #endif? • what is a structure variable? • how are elements of a structure called? • do elements of the same structure (different structures) have to have unique names? • how can structures be initialized? what happens when one structure variable is assigned the value of another? • can structures be passed as parameters? by value? by reference? can a function return a structure?

8. Classes • What is class? What is object? • What is the difference between object and class? What do we mean when we say object belongs to a class? • What’s member variable? Member function? Method? Attribute? Data member? • What’s an in-line function? • What are these operators used for? “.” “::” • What is the difference between public and private members of class? • What is the state of an object?

9. Classes (cont.) • What is mutator? Accessor? How’s accessor function distinguished? • What is constructor? What is the name of constructor? • How many parameters can constructor take? Can there be more than one constructor? What is void constructor? • What is the return value of constructor? • What is destructor? • What is overloading member functions?