Review – Test 1

1. Review – Test 1

2. Review • Mesopotamia • Sumer • First Civilization • Technology • Writing • Cuneiform • Mathematics • “Sexagesimal” • Egypt • Upper & Lower Egypt • Narmer (Menes) – Fist Pharaoh – 3100 BC • Egyptian Calendar • Writing • Hieroglyphics • Heriatic • Sumer: Early Dynastic Period • Lugals • Sumerian Religion • Polytheism • Ziggurat • The Epic of Gilgamesh • First Great Literary Work • Epic Poem • The Akkadians • Sargon I - Circa 2350 BC • Akkadian Empire –First Empire

3. Review • Egypt • The Old Kingdom • Height of Culture • Djoser • The Step Pyramid / Pyramid of Djoser • Khufu (Cheops) • Great Pyramid at Giza • Egyptian Religion • Ra (Re) • The god Pharaoh • Ma’at • First Intermediate Period (Civil War) • Cause? • Distribution of Wealth and Culture • Middle Kingdom of Egypt • Mentuhotep II • Expansion & Trade • Nubia / Kush • Second Intermediate Period • Hyksos Invasion

4. Review • Third Dynasty of Ur • Code of Ur Nammu • Hittites – “Hatti” • Asia Minor (Anatolia) • Iron Tools / Weapons • Capital • Minoans • King Minos – Legends • Crete • Linear A - Language • Proto-Greeks? • Old Babylonian Empire • Hammurabi • Religion – Marduk • The Code of Hammurabi • The Mitanni • Northern Syria • Light Chariot • Hittites & Egypt • Egypt • The New Kingdom • Early 18th Dynasty • Ahmose I • Hatshepsut • Thutmose III

5. Review • Religion • Amon-Ra • 18thDynasty & Religion • Amenhotep IV / Akhenaton • Aten • Monotheism? • Tutankaten / Tutankhamen • 19th Dynasty • Ramses II • Territorial Height • Battle of Kadesh • Egypt v. Hittites • Mycenaeans • Indo-European • Conquered Minoans • Linear B • Collapse • Greek Dark Age • Dark Age & Heroic Age • Homer • Iliad • Odyssey • Hesiod • Theogony

6. Review • Collapse of Empires • The Sea Peoples • Egypt • Third Intermediate Period • Kushite Control • Phoenicia • Tyre, Sidon, and Byblos • Trade • Dyes • Cedar Trees • Iron • Colonization - Carthage • Phoenician Alphabet • Philistia / Philistines • Reputation • Military • Metal smithing • Hebrews • Old Testament / Tanakh • Torah – The Law • Nevi'im – The Prophets • Ketuvim – The Writings • Abraham • Moses & the Exodus • Kingdom of Israel • David - Jerusalem • Solomon - Solomon’s Temple

7. Review • The Divided Kingdom • Israel • Cosmopolitan • Samaria • Phoenician Alliance • Assyrian Conquest • Judah • Isolation • Jerusalem • Religion • Babylonian Conquest • Greece • The Archaic Age • The Polis – City-state • Government • Monarchy • Tyranny • Oligarchy • Democracy • Colonization

8. Review • Sparta • Messenian Wars • Helots / Helotry • Oligarchy • Athens • Draco - The Lawgiver • Solon - Constitution • Cleisthenes • Democracy • Ekklesia • Boule • Deme • Ostracism • Neo-Assyrian Period • Assurbanipal • Assyrian Military • Capitals • Assur (Ashur) • Nineveh • Relief Sculpture

9. Review • Chaldean / Neo-Babylonian Empire • Nabopolassar • Rebellion against the Assyrians • Battle of Carchemish • Assyria & Egypt • Medes & Chaldeans • Nebuchadnezzar - Greatest Height • Hanging Gardens • Nabonidus • Persian Empire • Cyrus the Great • Conquests • Persian Subjects - Local laws and Customs • Croesus - King of Lydia • Jews • Cambyses • Egypt • Darius I • Greatest Height

10. Review • Paganism • Greece • Polytheism • Ritual vs. Belief • Zoroastrianism • Persia • Dualism • Zoroaster / Zarathustra • Ahura Mazda • Ahriman/AngraMainyu • Magi - Priests • Avesta - scriptures • Free Will • Hebrews / Judaism • Monotheism • The Name of God • Yahweh • Adonai- Lord • Polytheism v. Monotheism • The Covenant • Ethics & Worship • Babylonian Captivity & After • World Religion - Judaism • Universal • Omnipotent • Omniscient • Free Will

11. Review • Herodotus • The Histories • “Father of History” • First Greco-Persian War • Battle of Marathon • Miltiades • Second Greco-Persian War • Battle of Thermopylae • Battle of Salamis • Turning point of the War • Battle of Plataea