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Built Infrastructure: Overview and Issues

Built Infrastructure: Overview and Issues. H. Scott Matthews February 10, 2003. Recap of Last Lecture. Life Cycle Costing (LCC) is a framework to internalize costs of a structure over its useful life (design -> disposal) Including user costs Similar, not equal to, benefit-cost analysis

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Built Infrastructure: Overview and Issues

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  1. Built Infrastructure: Overview and Issues H. Scott Matthews February 10, 2003

  2. Recap of Last Lecture • Life Cycle Costing (LCC) is a framework to internalize costs of a structure over its useful life (design -> disposal) • Including user costs • Similar, not equal to, benefit-cost analysis • Reliability-based assessment focuses on preventing failure rather than lower forms of maintenance • Involves more complex (and realistic) models to assess deterioration and expected performance

  3. Infrastructure Issues • For the 3 infrastructures we will discuss: • History • Network Layout • Supply and Demand issues • Investments • Rights of Way • Design and Approval Process** • User Cost / Pricing • Let’s start with built infrastructure • Data and figures from 1999/2002 C&P Reports: • http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/1999cpr/report.htm • http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/2002cpr/

  4. US Highway System • Roads have been around since before we had cars, but cars led to ‘paving’ • 1938: 6 road toll network to be infeasible (3 North-South, 3 East-West across US) • 1954: Eisenhower - suggested 60/40 match • 1956: Federal-Aid Highway Act 90/10 spends $25 B in 12 yrs • Gave uniform design standards, must accommodate traffic in 20 years • Could include toll roads • Height and weight limits • 1966: All roads 4-lane, no at-grade crossings

  5. System (cont.) • National Highway System (1995) - defined as interstates, most arterials (4% of miles, 45% use) • Now generally links all major metropolitan areas in the USA • Statistics • 4 million miles of roads • 4 trillion passenger miles of vehicle travel • 4 trillion ton-miles of freight movement

  6. Highway ‘Jurisdiction’ • Ownership, not responsibility • May be ‘owned’ locally but gets fed $ • 75% controlled by local govts • 20% controlled by states • 5% controlled by federal (US) govt

  7. Types of Highways • Arterial - fastest, most throughput11% of miles, 72% of vehicle-miles • Collectors - ‘collect and distribute’ traffic from arterials to locals 20% miles, 15% vehicle-miles-traveled • Local - basic access to/from buildings 69% miles, 13% VMT • 3 trillion VMT, 4 trillion pass-miles-trav (PMT) • i.e. 1.3 passengers per vehicle average overall • Only 40 billion PMT from mass transit

  8. Pure Costs • Original idea: fund construction / maintenance with gas tax (not tolls) • 1940: 1.5 cents/gallon, now 18.4 cents • PLUS state gas taxes range 7.5 - 31 cents • TEA-21 (fed): 84% on roads, 15% mass transit • During previous (ISTEA), 23% -> deficit reduction • TEA-21: $162 B from 1998-2003 on roads, $36B on mass transit • Other monies come from state gas taxes, user fees and tolls, etc.

  9. Congestion Values and Costs • From Texas Transportation Institute

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