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Chapter 10

Chapter 10. 10.4 Fission and Fusion. The strong nuclear force is what holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. . Nuclear Forces. Fission is the splitting of an atomic nucleus into 2 smaller parts. This was first done in 1938. Fission produces large amounts of energy. Fission.

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Chapter 10

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  1. Chapter 10 10.4 Fission and Fusion

  2. The strong nuclear force is what holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. Nuclear Forces

  3. Fission is the splitting of an atomic nucleus into 2 smaller parts. • This was first done in 1938. • Fission produces large amounts of energy. Fission

  4. E=mc2 • E = energy • m = mass • c = the speed of light (3.0 x 108 m/s) Mass-Energy Equation

  5. Very small amounts of mass can produce very large amounts of energy. • The atomic bomb contained 5 kilograms of plutonium-239. • It produced an explosion equivalent to 18,600 tons of TNT. Mass and Energy

  6. Fission causes a chain reaction. • Each nucleus splits into 2 and releases 2 or 3 neutrons that are absorbed by another nucleus that in turn splits. Nuclear Reactions

  7. Nuclear weapons work by producing an uncontrolled chain reaction. • Heat from nuclear chain reactions can produce electricity. • Chain reactions also produce nuclear waste. Nuclear Reactions

  8. 20% of the electricity in the United States comes from nuclear power plants • Controlled fission of uranium-235 produces the heat to generate the electricity. • Nuclear power plants do not pollute the air like coal power plants do. • There is a slight risk of a reactor malfunction (like in 1986 in Chernobyl, Ukraine). Nuclear Power Plants

  9. Fusion is a process in which the nuclei of 2 atoms combine to form a larger nucleus. • This requires extremely high temperatures. • Fusion of hydrogen into helium powers the sun and other stars. Fusion

  10. Plasma is a 4th state of matter that exists in extremely hot conditions. • In this state, atoms have been stripped of their electrons Plasma

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