City of San Diego’s Water and Energy Nexus

1. City of San Diego’s Water and Energy Nexus World Resources Simulation Center September 22, 2010 George J. Adrian, PE Public Utilities Department Long-Range Planning & Water Resources Division

2. LAKE SHASTA LAKE OROVILLE Sources of San Diego’s Water Supply San Diego County imports ~80% of its water supply State Water Project (Bay-Delta) 30% Colorado River 50% Local Supplies and Conservation 20%

3. San Diego Water System • 1.3 million people • 404 Square Miles • Avg. Daily Consumption more than 200 MGD • 9 Raw Water Reservoirs • 3 Water Treatment Plants • More than 3,000 Miles of Pipelines • 27 Distribution Reservoirs/Standpipes • 50 Pump Stations • More than 110 Pressure Zones

4. San Diego Keeps Growing By 2030 San Diego may need 11% more water 2030: 275,925 acre-feet per year 2007: 248,000 acre-feet per year

5. Water Supply Portfolio Recycled Water Conservation 3% Local Surface Water 15% 3% Imported 79% FY 2010 Actuals Source: City of SD Public Utilities Department 8/16/10

6. Carbon Footprint by Water Source kWh/AF Colorado River Aqueduct State Water Project Groundwater Recycled Water Seawater Desal Brackish Groundwater Desal OCWD Groundwater Replenishment Project Source: Pacific Institute analysis regarding SDCWA data Source of OCWD GW Replenishment: City of San Diego

7. Adaptation: Local Water Supplies • Water Conservation • Local Runoff - Reservoirs • Recycled Water • Brackish Groundwater Desalination • Groundwater Conjunctive Use • Seawater Desalination (San Diego Region) • On-site alternatives: • Graywater • Stormwater capture

8. Electricity Demand in State of California 19% of electricity in California is water related Refining Estimates of Water Related Energy Use In California, CEC, December 2006

9. Estimated Energy Intensity of Water in San Diego County • Relationship of water to energy, broken down Energy Down the Drain, NRDC, August 2004

10. Refining Estimates of Water Related Energy Use In California CEC, December 2006

11. Residential water energy use The interaction of water and energy In California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, June 12, 2008

12. Interaction of Water and Energy Desalinization Shasta (storage) The interaction of water and energy In California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, June 12, 2008

13. Visualizing Sustainability • Acceptable Uses for Water • Establishing priorities • Residential • Agricultural • Business • tourism • Recreation • Change in User Behavior Patterns • Adjust expectations for uses and quantity of water to correspond to priorities • Provide feedback, show visual link to water use and economic health

14. Challenges to the City • Efficient /effective use of water • Indirect Potable Reuse (IPR) • Recycled water • Stormwater Rainwater harvesting • Graywater • Changing public perception of water, its value and real cost • Using less water or using the water you have more efficiently • Conservation • Alternative landscaping • Edible gardens…..minimal lawns

15. What’s at Stake? • Water shortages or rationing • Creation of unsustainable systems, leading to water and other shortages for future generations. • Quality of life • Economy? • Food diversity and security? • Energy brownouts.

16. Possible Breakthrough’s • Sustainable systems and the relationship between water and energy and earth systems (greenhouse gases) • Multiple (hence efficient) use of water for our needs • Recycled water • Advanced treated water • Graywater use • Recovery of water (hence energy) for other uses. • Rainwater capture • Re-landscape (contours to capture water) - Stormwater diversions • Retail market that primarily supports water efficient plants

17. Thank You George J. Adrian , PE San Diego Public Utilities Department gadrian@sandiego.gov

18. San Diego is Conserving Reduced Water Demand Population x 1000 Water Demand in Acre-feet Fiscal Year