Imperialism Begins

1. Imperialism Begins Essential Question: Why and how did American involvement in foreign affairs change during the 19th century? How do those changes impact involvement in World War I? Warm-Up: There has been a significant shift in events in the Ukraine and Russia. What should the United States response by? Why? What is our responsibility, if any, to the global community? http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/ukraine-russia-putin-obama http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/world/2014/03/02/lee-crisis-in-ukraine.cnn.html http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/ukraine/10669475/Ukraine-Russia-launches-armed-invasion-as-Obama-warns-Moscow-of-costs-of-intervention.html

2. The Week Today: Imperialism Beings HW: Read and Outline: Zinn, Chapter 12 http://www.historyisaweapon.com/defcon1/zinnempire12.html Tuesday: U.S.- World Power In-Class: Chapter 23 Quiz HW: Zinn- Chapter 14 Wednesday: World War I Socratic Seminar- Discussion (Be prepared to discuss all readings and lectures) Thursday: U.S. Enters World War I Friday: Peace Treaty In-Class: Short Answer Quiz http://aquinasapush.wikispaces.com/file/view/APUSH%20WWI%20outline.pdf/301209834/APUSH%20WWI%20outline.pdf Next Weak: Return to Normalcy, 1920s, Great Depression 2

3. Isolationism • -stay out of foreign affairs • -Washington’s advice • -had been policy of government (since Monroe Doctrine) • Do not get involved in the affairs of other nations “We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United States and those powers to declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety.” - The Monroe Doctrine -

4. Imperialism Begins http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=136757

5. Imperialism • Build an empire beyond U.S. • Strong dominates weak • -Policy of taking colonies for economic interests • Raw goods, new markets • -other world powers were building empires • - jingoism • Extreme nationalism marked by aggressive foreign policy • Europe in Africa and Asia • Japan in China • -U.S. also needed new markets for our products (overproduction) • - spheres of influence • Areas of economic or political control “Fate has written our policy for us; the trade of the world must and shall be ours…We will establish trading posts throughout the world as distributing points for American products…Great colonies governing themselves, flying our flag and trading with us, will grow about our posts of trade.” - Senator Albert Beveridge -

8. Building an Empire • -Alaska, 1867 • Seward’s Folly • Purchased from Russia • Congress believed there was nothing in Alaska • -Hawaii, 1898 • overthrew the Queen of Hawaii • Led by American sugar planters in Hawaii “I, Liliuokalani,…do hereby solemnly protest against any and all acts done against myself and the constitutional government of the Hawaiian Kingdom…Now, to avoid any collision of armed forces and perhaps the loss of life, I do under this protest…yield my authority until such time as the Government of the United States shall…undo the action of its representatives and reinstate me in the authority which I claim as the constitutional sovereign of the Hawaiian islands.”

9. Building an Empire • -Alfred Mahan • “Influence of Sea Power upon History” • discussed need for strong Navy • Built 9 new battleships • Transformed the country into the world’s 3rd largest naval power Alfred Mahan believed the US needed a large navy to protect its merchant ships and to defend its right to trade with other nations. Building a modern Navy would also mean that the US would have to acquire land overseas for naval bases. With the assistance of senator Henry Cabot Lodge and assistant secretary of the navy Theodore Roosevelt, Congress authorized the construction of a modern navy.

10. Spanish-American • -Spanish rule of Cuba • 90 miles south of Florida • -Spanish ruled harshly • Cubans rebel and ask for US help; want independence • -yellow journalism • Hearst and Pulitzer • Exaggerated news for public sympathy and increased circulation The rebellious Cubans appealed to America for help against Spain. Many Americans agreed with their need, yet many still did not want to fight. The yellow journalists, led by Hearst and Pulitzer, spurred war fever by printing sensationalized war stories to spark American sympathy.

11. The press played a tremendous part in leading the charge toward America's involvement in Cuba. Two publishers, William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, stood out among these opportunists. They perceived the conflict with Spain as their chance to increase circulation of their newspapers. Seizing upon the opportunity to capitalize on the growing spirit of American patriotism, Hearst and Pulitzer printed sensational anti-Spanish stories. Graphic illustrations commissioned from some of the country's most-talented artists and stories written by premiere authors and journalists of the day were fodder for fueling the flames of war. Together, Hearst and Pulitzer created a frenzy among the American people by reporting the alleged brutality of the Spanish toward the Cuban rebels. (However, acts of outrage committed by the Cubans were seldom mentioned.) By the time the USS Maine exploded in Havana Harbor, the pro-war press had roused national sentiment to the point that President McKinley feared his political party would suffer if he did not engage in war with Spain. This drawing of male Spanish officials strip search an American woman tourist in Cuba looking for messages from rebels appeared on the front page of Hearst’s paper.

12. “No man’s life, no man’s property is safe in Cuba. American citizens are imprisoned or slain without cause. American property is destroyed on all sides… Wounded soldiers can be found begging in the streets of Havana…The horrors of a barbarous struggle for the extermination of the native population are witnessed in all parts of the country. Blood on the roadsides, blood in the fields, blood on the doorsteps, blood, blood, blood!...Is there no nation wise enough, brave enough to aid this blood-smitten land?” -Pulitzer’s New York World, 1896-

13. Spanish-American • -De Lome Letter • Spanish ambassador insulting American President • Printed in newspapers • -U.S. sends ship to observe • -USS Maine explodes in Havana • 260 dead • Newspapers all blame Spain • Probably a fire that started inside ship • -”Remember the Maine” • Battle cry for war against Spain • U.S. declares war in April 1898 “You furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war.” ~William Randolph Hearst, yellow journalist newspaper producer

14. The Story of the USS Maine

15. “The deafening roar was such a burst of thunder as perhaps one never heard before. And off to the right, out over the bay, the air filled with a blaze of light, and this in turn filled with black specks flying in all directions.” “The sailors’ wounds were all over them – heads and faces terribly cut, internal wounds, arms, legs, feet, and hands burned to the live flesh.” - Clara Barton from Havana Harbor -

16. Cartoons Published in American Newspapers

17. Philippines • -U.S. attacks Spanish colony when war starts • -George Dewey captures the islands • Destroys all Spanish ships • Helps Filipino rebels • -Why did we capture the Philippines??? • Raw goods, markets • Close to Asia In the Battle of Manila Bay, Spain lost over 381 men, while American lost only one sailor.

18. Philippines “It seems to me that God, with infinite wisdom and skill, is training the Anglo-Saxons for an hour sure to come in the world's future... the final competition of races, for which the Anglo-Saxon is being schooled... .Whether the extinction of inferior races... seems to the reader sad or otherwise, it certainly appears probable.” - Josiah Strong, Imperialist • -Imperialistic Foreign Policy • Jingoism • Josiah Strong (preacher) • Educate, Civilize, and Christianize foreign nations • Build democracies • -Anti-Imperialistic Feelings • -Anti-Imperialist League • -Andrew Carnegie • Believed Imperialism went against American ideals of democracy and freedom “The exports of the United States this year are greater than those of any other nation in the world. Even Britain’s exports are less, yet Britain ‘possesses’ a hundred ‘colonies’ scattered all over the world. The fact that the U.S. has none does not prevent her products and manufactures from invading…all parts of the world in competition with those of Britain.” ~Andrew Carnegie, Anti-Imperialist

19. Fighting in Cuba • -Cuba will be independent • U.S. army goes to Cuba to put down Spanish • -Rough Riders(rag-tag group of volunteers) • Theodore Roosevelt (Leader) • San Juan Hill • U.S. cavalry defeats Spanish, Spanish lose • -”Splendid Little War” • Fighting is short lived (15 wks) • More died of disease than battle • Cuba is free

20. Fighting in Cuba • Treaty of Paris, 1898 • Puerto Rico is part of U.S. • U.S. buys Philippines ($20 million) • Spain gives up Guam to the U.S. • U.S. now has an empire "The war of the United States with Spain was very brief. Its results were many, startling, and of world-wide meaning." --Henry Cabot Lodge

21. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfsfoFqsFk4 21

22. Exit Activity: Post-It Why and how did American involvement in foreign affairs change during the 19th century? Predict: How do those changes impact involvement in World War I? 22