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LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS. PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS. MIXTURE OF HYDROCARBONS COMMERCIAL PROPANE COMMERCIAL BUTANE MARKETED IN INDIA AS PER BIS 4576 : 1978 TEST METHODS STORAGE PRESSURE VESSEL REFRIGERATED VESSEL. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS.

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LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS

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  1. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS

  2. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS • MIXTURE OF HYDROCARBONS • COMMERCIAL PROPANE • COMMERCIAL BUTANE • MARKETED IN INDIA AS PER • BIS 4576 : 1978 • TEST METHODS • STORAGE • PRESSURE VESSEL • REFRIGERATED VESSEL

  3. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS • TYPICAL COMPOSITION • MAINLY C3 & C4 • MINOR TRACES OF C2 & C5 • DEPENDS ON SOURCE • REFINERY • FRACTIONATORS • SR GRADE • APPROX. NIL UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS • NIL IMPURITIES

  4. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS • COLOUR • LIQUID PHASE • VAPOUR PHASE • ODOUR • FAINT SMELL • STENCHING • DENSITY / SPECIFIC GRAVITY • VAPOUR PHASE • 1.5 - 2.0 TIMES HEAVY • SETTLES AT LOWER LEVELS

  5. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS • DENSITY / SP. GRAVITY • LIQUID PHASE • 0.525 TO 0.58 AT 15 DEGREE CENTIGRADE • VAPOUR PRESSURE • TWO PHASE EQUILIBRIUM • 16.87 KGF / SQ. CM. AT 65 DEG. CENT. • 120 PSI AT 100 DEGREE FOREN. • VOLATILITY • RAPID EVAPORATION - 1: 250

  6. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS • COEFFICIENT OF VOL. EXPANSION • 0.00237 PER DEGREE CENTIGRADE RISE • 15-20 KGF / SQ.CM RISE IN PRESSURE PER DEG RISE IN TEMP. • FILLING RATIO / ULLAGE • FLAMMIBILITY • LEL: 1.5 % ( ALL SAFETY EQUIPMENT LIKE GMS , EXPLOSIMETER ETC. ) • HEL : 9%

  7. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS • COMBUSTION • INCREASES VOL. OF PRODUCT AS 50 TIMES AIR IS REQUIRED AND 3-4 TIMES OF OWN VOL. CO2 IS GENERATED APART FROM HEAT • RESULTS IN ASPHYXIATION , REQUIRE VENTILATION • C. V. : 10900 KCAL / KG. • FLAME TEMP WITH AIR - 2000 DEG. CENT. • WITH OXYGEN - 2800 DEG. CENT. • IGNITION TEMP. • AUTO IGNITION TEMP. - 410 - 580 DEG. CENT.

  8. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS • BOILING POINT • TEMP. AT WHICH VAP. PR. EQUALS ATM. PR. • (-) 2 TO (-) 42 DEG. CENT. • MELTING OR FREEZING POINT • TEMP. AT WHICH SOLIDIFICATION OCCURS • VERY LOW I.E. LESS THAN (-) 47 DEG. CENT. • VISCOSITY • VERY LOW IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER PETRO. PRODUCTS - 0.3 CS • REQUIRES HIGH ITEGRITY OF STORAGE & HANDLING SYSTEM

  9. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS • SOLUBILITY • LESS SOLUBILITY IN WATER • SOLUBLE IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS & ALCOHAL • TOXICITY • HIGH RELEASES DISPLACES OXYGEN • RESULTS IN SUFFOCATION • ACTS AS ANAESTHETIC • CAUSTIC RESIDUE • USED FOR TREATING HYDROGEN SULPHIDE • IF REMAINS RESULTS IN CORROSION • CAUSTIC PRESENCE SHOULD BE ELIMINATED

  10. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS • EFFECT OF WATER • CORROSION • PARTIAL CLOSING OF VALVES • EFFECT OF AIR • POSSIBILITY OF FORMING EXPLOSIVE MIXTURE • AUTO IGNITION • PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DURING COMMISSIONING • RETARDS FILLING

  11. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS • HEALTH HAZARD • NON TOXIC • ASPHYXIATION DUE TO LACK OF OXYGEN • NARCOTIC EFFECT IF INHALED IN LARGE QTY • FIRE HAZARD • PRODUCT DISCHARGE • STATIC ELECTRICITY • PYROPHORIC IRON • BLEVE • UNCONFINED VAPOUR CLOUD EXPLOSION

  12. INDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONS • AGRICULTURE: GRAIN DRYING, WEED KILLING, TEA/COFFEE/TOBACCO CURING • AUTOMOBILIES: HEAT TREATMENT & PAINT BAKING • CERAMIC : CALCINATION, GLOST FIRING, OF SSTONEWARE & PORCELAIN • CHEMICALS / DRUGS: HEATING, DRYING, FEED STOCK IN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY • ELECTRICAL : BULBS / TUBELIGHTS, FILAMENT ANNEALING

  13. INDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONS • ENGINEERING: METAL MELTING, FORGING, ANNEALING, STRESS RELIEVING, PAINT BAKING, HEAT TREATMENT • FOOD : BAKING, BOILING, FRYING, DRYING • GLASS : MELTING, HOLDING, BLOWING, POLISHING, STRESS RELIEVING • METALLURGICAL : ANNEALING, BILLET HEATING, MELING, DESCALING, STRESS RELIEVING, MOULD / CUPOLA/ LADLE PRE-HEATING

  14. INDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONS • METAL WORKING : CUTTING, HOLD PIERCING, WELDING • PACKAGING : SOLDERING • TEXTILE : DRYING, SINGING, CALENDERING, STENTERING, PRINT DRYING, DYEING, VELVET PROCESSING • MISC. AEROCOL - AS PROPELLANT, BITUMENT MELTING, OIL CLEANING

  15. LPG INSTALLATION PLANNING • STEP I : DECIDE WHETHER LPG IS RIGHT FUEL FACTOR : ECONOMICS AVAILABILITY APPLICATION SUITABLITY STEP II : DECIDE WHETHER PACKED OR BULK FACTOR : CONSUMPTION AVAILABILITY ECONOMICS APPLICATION SUITABILITY

  16. LPG INSTALLATION PLANNING • STEP III : SIZE OF INSTALLATION FACTORS: PEAK HOURLY RATE OF CONSUMPTION DAILY / MONTHLY CONSUMPTION DISTANCE FROM SUPPY POINT CYLINDER ROOM / BULK STORAGE

  17. LPG INSTALLATION PLANNING • STEP IV : PIPE LINE SIZE / ROUTE FACTORS : FLOW RATE PRESSURE DROPS BRANCHES / POINTS OF CONSUMPTION EASE OF REPAIRS / TROUBLE SHOOTING

  18. LPG INSTALLATION PLANNING • STEP V : CHOOSING PRESSURE REGULATORS FACTORS: PRESSURE NEEDED FOR BURNERS RATE OF CONSUMPTION DISTANCE FROM INSTALLATION TO CONSUMING POINT’

  19. Thank you

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