OSTEOPOROSIS & VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY & HOMOEOPATHY

1. OSTEOPOROSIS & VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY& HOMOEOPATHY BY DR SANJEEV AGGARAL MEDICAL OFFICER ON CONTRACT BASIS

2. Osteoporosis - An Overview Osteoporosis is defined as "a disease characterized by low bone mass, microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, or both, leading to skeletal fragility." Osteopenia is a precursor to osteoporosis

3. Epidemiology Osteoporosis affects an estimated 30 percent of postmenopausal white and Asian women in the U.S. Rates are lower, though not inconsequential, among other groups: approx. 10 percent of African American women and 13 to 16 percent of Hispanic women age 50 and older have osteoporosis.Hip fractures occur in 15 percent of elderly women. Only one-third of hip-fracture patients will return to pre-fracture independence.

4. As our population ages, the number of hip fractures is expected to triple by 2040.Long-term sequelae include fractures of hip, spine, wrist, ribs, etc.; chronic fracture pain; and compression of internal organs from repeated vertebral compression fractures and kyphosis.As with post-menopausal women, hypogonadism in men may accelerate bone loss. Corticosteroid therapy, severe hyperthyroidism, and hyperparathyroidism can also cause rapid bone loss.

5. Risk Factors AgeFamily history of fracture in first-degree relative (particularly prior to age 80) Personal history of fracture after age 40 Current cigarette smoking

6. Prevention Peak bone mass is reached in the late twenties for women, mid-thirties for mendaily allowances of calcium and vitamin D IS AS:

7. Calcium Age Recommended Daily IntakeInfants 0 to 6 months 200 mgInfants 6 to 12 months 260 mgChildren 1-3 years old 700 mgChildren 4-8 years old 1000 mgChildren & young adults 9-18 years 1300 mgAdults 19-50 years 1000 mgWomen and men over 50 years 1200 mg

8. Vitamin D Age Recommended Daily IntakeBirth to 11 months 400 IUAges 1 to 70 years 600 IUAge 70 and over 800 IU

9. Factors influence skin synthesis of vitamin D skin synthesizes vitamin D when exposed to sunlight (UVB radiation), which is usually sufficient to meet the daily requirementsskin production of vitamin D3 decreases with age beginning in the third decadethe 25-OH vitamin D3 levels were three times lower in elderly people age 62 to 80 than in people age 22 to 30 given the same sunlight exposure

10. variation in vitamin D synthesis occurs because sunlight exposure and UVB radiation absorption vary with degree of skin pigmentation, season, latitude, time of day, atmospheric conditions, and duration of exposurevitamin D synthesis is significantly decreased and sometimes completely stopped by the application of sunscreenchronic use of sunscreens can reduce serum vitamin D levels

11. Clothing, glass, plastic, and Plexiglas also prevent UVB radiation absorptionDark skin pigmentation makes individuals more vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency as melanin blocks absorption of UVB radiationIn developed countries, fortification of dairy products with vitamin D has reduced the incidence of osteomalacia

12. Vitamin D is crucial to normal bone growth and developmentWhen UV light shines on a lipid present in skin cells, the compound is transformed into vitamin dPeople native to equatorial and low latitude regions of the earth have dark skin pigmentation as a protection against strong, nearly constant exposure to UV radiation

13. Increased melanin pigmentation, present in people native to lower latitudes, reduces the production of vitamin DThe dose of ultraviolet light required to stimulate skin synthesis of vitamin D is about six times higher in African Americans than in people of European descentSusceptibility to vitamin D deficiency is increased in these populations by the traditional clothing of many cultural groups native to low latitudes

14. What is used to to synthesize Vitamin D in skin cells? Sun exposure and cholesterol. Sun exposure converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to previtamin D3, which is then converted to Vitamin D. Does Skin Synthesize Vitamin D?Yes. In presence of ultraviolet rays cholesterol in blood is converted into vitamin D. Which gets one hydrogen atom attached in liver and another in kidney to from active form of vitamin D

15. What Part of the skin synthesizes vitamin D? The Stratum Spinosum and Basale from the Epidermis. What activates the skin to start process of producing Vitamin D? vitamin c When might skin not be able to produce enogh vitamin D? when the skin has not absorbed sufficent sunlight specifiallyu.v rays

16. Sun Protection Practices Avoid sun burning, intentional tanning, and using tanning beds.Apply sunscreen generously.Wear sun-protective clothing, wide-brimmed hat, and sunglasses.Seek shade.Use extra caution near water, snow, and sand.Get vitamin D through diet and vitamin D supplements.

17. IOM Recommendation on Vitamin D Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)*:0- 12 mo: 400 IU/d1- 70 yrs: 600 IU/d **71+ yrs: 800 IU/d* Covering the requirements of ≥ 97.5% of population** Includes pregnant and nursing women

18. Vitamin D Miracles Sunlight and vitamin D are critical to all life forms. The principal function of vitamin D is to promote calcium absorption in the gut and calcium transfer across cell membranes, thus contributing to strong bones and a calm, contented nervous system. It is also well recognized that vitamin D aids in the absorption of magnesium, iron and zinc, as well as calcium. Actually, vitamin D does not in itself promote healthy bone. Vitamin D controls the levels of calcium in the blood. If there is not enough calcium in the diet, then it will be drawn from the bone. High levels of vitamin D (from the diet or from sunlight) will actually demineralize bone if sufficient calcium is not present. Vitamin D will also enhance the uptake of toxic metals like lead, cadmium, aluminum and strontium if calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are not present in adequate amounts. Vitamin D supplementation should never be suggested unless calcium intake is sufficient or supplemented at the same time.

19. Receptors for vitamin D are found in most of the cells in the body and research during the 1980s suggested that vitamin D contributed to a healthy immune system, promoted muscle strength, regulated the maturation process and contributed to hormone production. During the last ten years, researchers have made a number of exciting discoveries about vitamin D. They have ascertained, for example, that vitamin D is an antioxidant that is a more effective antioxidant than vitamin E in reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing enzymes that protect against oxidation. Vitamin D deficiency decreases biosynthesis and release of insulin. Glucose intolerance has been inversely associated with the concentration of vitamin D in the blood. Thus, vitamin D may protect against both Type I and Type II diabetes. The risk of senile cataract is reduced in persons with optimal levels of D and carotenoids. PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) has been corrected by supplementation of D and calcium.

20. Vitamin D plays a role in regulation of both the "infectious" immune system and the "inflammatory" immune system. Low vitamin D is associated with several autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis, Sjogren's Syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroiditis and Crohn's disease. Osteoporosis is strongly associated with low vitamin D. Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis respond favorably (and rapidly) to higher levels of D plus calcium and magnesium. D deficiency has been mistaken for fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue or peripheral neuropathy. Infertility is associated with low vitamin D. Vitamin D supports production of estrogen in men and women. PMS has been completely reversed by addition of calcium, magnesium and vitamin D. Menstrual migraine is associated with low levels of vitamin D and calcium.

21. Breast, prostate, skin and colon cancer have a strong association with low levels of D and lack of sunlight. Activated vitamin D in the adrenal gland regulates tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate limiting enzyme necessary for the production of dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. Low D may contribute to chronic fatigue and depression. Seasonal Affective Disorder has been treated successfully with vitamin D. In a recent study covering 30 days of treatment comparing vitamin D supplementation with two-hour daily use of light boxes, depression completely resolved in the D group but not in the light box group.40 High stress may increase the need for vitamin D or UV-B sunlight and calcium. People with Parkinsons and Alzheimers have been found to have lower levels of vitamin D. Low levels of D, and perhaps calcium, in a pregnant mother and later in the child may be the contributing cause of "crooked teeth" and myopia. When these conditions are found in succeeding generations it means the genetics require higher levels of one or both nutrients to optimize health. Behavior and learning disorders respond well to D and/or calcium combined with an adequate diet and trace minerals.

22. Vitamin D and Heart Disease Research suggests that low levels of vitamin D may contribute to or be a cause of syndrome X with associated hypertension, obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Vitamin D regulates vitamin-D-binding proteins and some calcium-binding proteins, which are responsible for carrying calcium to the "right location" and protecting cells from damage by free calcium. Thus, high dietary levels of calcium, when D is insufficient, may contribute to calcification of the arteries, joints, kidney and perhaps even the brain. Many researchers have postulated that vitamin D deficiency leads to the deposition of calcium in the arteries and hence atherosclerosis, noting that northern countries have higher levels of cardiovascular disease and that more heart attacks occur in winter months.

23. Scottish researchers found that calcium levels in the hair inversely correlated with arterial calcium—the more calcium or plaque in the arteries, the less calcium in the hair. Ninety percent of men experiencing myocardial infarction had low hair calcium. When vitamin D was administered, the amount of calcium in the beard went up and this rise continued as long as vitamin D was consumed. Almost immediately after stopping supplementation, however, beard calcium fell to pre-supplement levels. Administration of dietary vitamin D or UV-B treatment has been shown to lower blood pressure, restore insulin sensitivity and lower cholesterol.

24. The Battle of the Bulge Did you ever wonder why some people can eat all they want and not get fat, while others are constantly battling extra pounds? The answer may have to do with vitamin D and calcium status. Sunlight, UV-B, and vitamin D normalize food intake and normalize blood sugar. Weight normalization is associated with higher levels of vitamin D and adequate calcium. Obesity is associated with vitamin-D deficiency. In fact, obese persons have impaired production of UV-B-stimulated D and impaired absorption of food source and supplemental D.

25. When the diet lacks calcium, whether from D or calcium deficiency, there is an increase in fatty acid synthase, an enzyme that converts calories into fat. Higher levels of calcium with adequate vitamin D inhibit fatty acid synthase while diets low in calcium increase fatty acid synthase by as much as five-fold. In one study, genetically obese rats lost 60 percent of their body fat in six weeks on a diet that had moderate calorie reduction but was high in calcium. All rats supplemented with calcium showed increased body temperature indicating a shift from calorie storage to calorie burning (thermogenesis).

26. The Right Fats The assimilation and utilization of vitamin D is influenced by the kinds of fats we consume. Increasing levels of both polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in the diet decrease the binding of vitamin D to D-binding proteins. Saturated fats, the kind found in butter, tallow and coconut oil, do not have this effect. Nor do the omega-3 fats.66 D-binding proteins are key to local and peripheral actions of vitamin D. This is an important consideration as Americans have dramatically increased their intake of polyunsaturated oils (from commercial vegetable oils) and monounsaturated oils (from olive oil and canola oil) and decreased their intake of saturated fats over the past 100 years.

27. In traditional diets, saturated fats supplied varying amounts of vitamin D. Thus, both reduction of saturated fats and increase of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats contribute to the current widespread D deficiency. Trans fatty acids, found in margarine and shortenings used in most commercial baked goods, should always be avoided. There is evidence that these fats can interfere with the enzyme systems the body uses to convert vitamin D in the liver.

28. Vitamin D Therapy Single, infrequent, intense, skin exposure to UV-B light not only causes sunburn but also suppresses the immune system. On the other hand, frequent low-level exposure normalizes immune function, enhancing NK-cell and T-cell production, reducing abnormal inflammatory responses typical of autoimmune disorders, and reducing occurrences of infectious disease.26;67;68-71 Thus it is important to sunbathe frequently for short periods of time, when UV-B is present, rather than spend long hours in the sun at infrequent intervals. Adequate UV-B exposure and vitamin-D production can be achieved in less time than it takes to cause any redness in the skin. It is never necessary to burn or tan to obtain sufficient vitamin D.

29. If you have symptoms of vitamin-D insufficiency or are unable to spend time in the sun, due to season or lifestyle or prior skin cancer, consider adding a supplement of 1,000 IU daily. Higher levels may be needed but should be recommended and monitored by your health care practitioner after testing serum 25(OH)D. 1,000 iu can be obtained from a concentrated supplement or from 2 teaspoons of high quality cod liver oil. Both Carlson Labs and Solgar make a 1,000 IU vitamin-D supplement naturally derived from fish oil. (Do not attempt to obtain large amounts of vitamin D from cod liver oil alone, as this would supply vitamin A in excessive and possibly toxic amounts.)

30. Supplementation is safe as long as sarcoidosis, liver or kidney disease is not present and the diet contains adequate calcium, magnesium and other minerals. Adequate calcium and magnesium, as well as other minerals, are critical parts of vitamin D therapy. Without calcium and magnesium in sufficient quantities, vitamin-D supplementation will withdraw calcium from the bone and will allow the uptake of toxic minerals. Do not supplement vitamin D and do not sunbathe unless you are sure you have sufficient calcium and magnesium to meet your daily needs. Weston Price suggested a minimum of 1,200-2,400 mg of calcium daily. Research suggests that 1,200-1,500 mg is adequate as a supplement for most adults, both men and women. (Magnesium intake should be half that of calcium.)

31. Toxicity Issues Vitamin programs usually omit vitamin D because of concerns about toxicity. These concerns are valid because vitamin D in all forms can be toxic in pharmacological (drug-like) doses. The dangers of toxicity have not been exaggerated, but the doses needed to result in toxicity have been ill defined with the unfortunate result that many people currently suffer from vitamin-D deficiency or insufficiency.

32. KENT REPERTORY EXTREMITIES - CARIES of bone Ars.ASAF. aur. calc-f. calc-p. Calc. Con. Fl-ac. graph. Guaj. Hep. LYC. MERC. Mez. NIT-AC. Ph-ac. Phos. Puls. ruta sec. Sep. SIL.Staph. Sulph. Ther.

33. BOGER BOENINGHAUSEN REPERTORY BONES - Pressure, (simple) alum. Anac. ang. ARG-MET. ars. asaf. Aur. BELL. BISM. Bry. canth. cham. cocc. Colch. Coloc. con. CUPR. CYCL. dros. graph. GUAJ. hell. Hep. Ign. kali-bi. KALI-C. kali-n. Merc. Mez. Nux-m. OLND. phos. Plat. Puls. rhod. RHUS-T. SABIN. sil. spong. stann. STAPH. thuj. valer. Verat. viol-t. zinc. BONES - Fracture Arn. Calc-f. Calc-p. calc. calen. croc. ferr. iod. kali-i. Rutasil. Sulph. Symph. valer. BONES - Fracture - slow union, slow formation of callus Asaf. CALC. ferr. Lyc. merc. mez. Nit-ac. ph-ac. phos. puls. Rutasep. SIL. staph. Sulph. Symph. BONES - Hollow bones especially aran. fl-ac. Merc. Mez. rhus-t. Still.

34. PHATAK REPERTORY B - Bones - brittle, fractured etc asaf. bufo calc-f. calc-p. Calc. Lyc. Merc. par. ph-ac. rutaSil. Sulph. symph. thuj. B - Bones - caries ang. ars. Asaf. Aur. calc-f. calc. con. Fl-ac. HEP. kali-i. lach. Lyc. mang. MERC. mez. nit-ac. ph-ac. phos. puls. rad-br. SIL. staph. syph. tell. Ther. tub. O - Osteomalacia Iod. merc-c. ph-ac.

35. SYNTHESIS REPERTORY GENERALS - INJURIES - Bones; fractures of acon. ang. Arn. asaf. asar. bell-p. bry. Calc-f. calc-p. calc. Calen. CARB-AC. con. cortico. cortiso. croc. dulc. Eup-per. ferr. heclahep. HYPER. iod. kali-i. led. lyc. nit-ac. Petr. Ph-ac. phos. Puls. ran-b. rhus-t. rob. RUTA Sil. SPIG. staph. stront-c. Sul-ac. sulph. Symph. valer. vanil. GENERALS - INJURIES - Bones; fractures of - slow repair of broken bones anthraci. asaf. calc-ar. calc-f. calc-i. CALC-P. CALC. calen. des-ac. Ferr. fl-ac. iod. lyc. mang-act. mang. merc. Mez. nit-ac. Ph-ac. phos. puls. RUTA sep. Sil. staph. succ-ac. sulph. SYMPH. Thyr. GENERALS - BRITTLE BONES Asaf. bufo calc-f. calc-p. Calc. carc. chel. cupr. fl-ac. Lac-ac. LYC. MERC. par. Ph-ac. phos. rad-br. rutaSIL. SULPH. Symph. syph. thuj. Thyr.

36. GENERALS - OSTEOPOROSIS arg-met. bacls-7. calc-f. cortico. cortiso. dys. fl-ac. morg-p. palo. GENERALS - OSTEOPOROSIS - old people; in germ-met. EXTREMITIES - OSTEOPOROSIS cortiso. dys. Mucor GENERALS - RICKETS am-c. arg-met. ars-i. Ars. ASAF. Bell. calc-act. calc-hp. Calc-p. calc-sil. CALC. con. Ferr-i. ferr-m. ferr-p. Ferr. fl-ac. Guaj. heclahed. Hep. iod. Ip. Kali-i. lac-c. Lyc. mag-c. mag-m. med. MERC. mez. Nit-ac. nux-m. Ol-j. op. petr. Ph-ac. PHOS. pin-s. Psor. Puls. rhod. Rhus-t. rutasacch. sanic. Sep. SIL. Staph. Sulph. suprar. tarent. ther. thuj. thyr. Tub.

37. GENERALS - SOFTENING bones am-c. ASAF. aur. bar-c. Bell. bufo calc-f. Calc-i. calc-p. CALC. caust. cic. con. Ferr-i. ferr-m. Ferr-p. ferr. guaj. heclaHep. iod. ip. Kali-i. Lac-c. Lyc. MERC. mez. Nit-ac. nux-m. Ol-j. parathyr. petr. ph-ac. Phos. plb. Psor. Puls. rhod. rutaSep. SIL. staph. Sulph. syph. ther. thuj. GENERALS - CARIES - Bone, of ANG. Anthraco. Arg-met. Arn. Ars. ASAF. aur-ar. aur-i. Aur-m-n. Aur-m. Aur. bell. both. bry. Calc-f. Calc-p. calc-s. calc-sil. Calc. caps. carb-ac. caust. chin. cinnm. Cist. clem. colch. con. Cupr. dulc. euph. ferr. FL-AC. graph. Guaj. Guare. heclaHep. Iod. kali-bi. Kali-c. KALI-I. kreos. lach. LYC. mang. MERC. Mez. nat-c. nat-m. nat-sil. Nit-ac. Ol-j. op. petr. Ph-ac. Phos. Psor. Puls. rad-br. rhod. rhus-t. rutasabin. sal-ac. sec. Sep. SIL. spong. Staph. stront-c. Sulph. syph. tarent. tell. ter. THER. thuj. tub-k. tub.

38. MURPHY REPERTORY Clinical - osteoporus, brittle bones bufo calc-f. Calc-p. calc-sil. Calc. carc. heclasil. Symph. Clinical - osteomalacia, bones, softening of am-c. Asaf. Bell. calc-f. Calc-i. Calc-p. Calc. cic. con. Ferr-i. ferr-m. Ferr-p. ferr. fl-ac. guaj. heclaHep. iod. ip. Kali-i. Lac-c. Lyc. merc-c. Merc. mez. Nit-ac. nux-m. Ol-j. parathyr. petr. ph-ac. Phos. plb. Psor. Puls. rhod. rutaSep. Sil. staph. Sulph. Symph. syph. ther. thuj. Bones - INJURIES, bones, bruised, blows - brittle, bones, fractured often CALC-P. calc. Merc. Sil.

39. Bones - INJURIES, bones, bruised, blows - fractures, disposition to CALC-P. calc. Merc. Bones - INJURIES, bones, bruised, blows - slow, healing of broken bones asaf. calc-f. CALC-P. CALC. calen. des-ac. Ferr. fl-ac. iod. lyc. mang. merc. Mez. nit-ac. Ph-ac. phos. puls. RUTA sep. Sil. staph. sulph. SYMPH. Thyr. Bones - INJURIES, bones, bruised, blows acon. ang. anthraci. ARN. ars. asaf. bell-p. BRY. Calc-f. CALC-P. Calc. Calen. CARB-AC. con. cortico. cortiso. croc. crot-h. des-ac. Eup-per. ferr. fl-ac. heclahep. Hyper. iod. kali-i. Lach. lyc. mag-m. mang. merc. mez. nit-ac. Petr. Ph-ac. phos. Puls. rhus-t. RUTA sep. Sil. staph. Stront-c. Sul-ac. sulph. SYMPH. Thyr. Valer.

40. Thank you