Enhancing EU-ASEAN Climate Change Engagement: Stakeholders, Gaps & Policy Implications

1. 2nd EU-ASEAN Perspectives Dialogue Results BOG Climate Change March 28, 2015 Nelly Stratieva, PriskaArianti, JulieneSvetlana Cruz, KatarzynaAnna Nawrot, Agathe Anne Schibler, Kenneth Wong

2. Research process • Identification of dimensions for climate change engagement between ASEAN and the EU • Identification of stakeholders with the role to play in combating climate change • Defining gaps and status quo in certain dimensions • Formulating policy implications

3. Dimensions for policy implications • Institutional Goal: increase efficiency of regional governance • Green economy Goal: build green economy through promoting technologies and innovations, energy use diversification (RES), public-private partnership and Triple Helix cooperation • Civil society Goal: optimizing civil society engagement in climate change mitigation

4. Identification of stakeholders with a role to play in combating climate change • Institutions – regional, interregional level • States – national level • Private sector • Academia • Civil Society

5. Gaps and status quo – institutional dimension • Absence or difficulty of a single voice representation ASEAN EU • Member states differentiation and dividing lines ASEAN EU • Duplication of actions EU/MS with ASEAN • Effective implementation issues - gap between the declarations and implementations in ASEAN

6. Gaps and status quo – green economy (1) • Importance of technology transfer • Technology gap: • ASEAN (implementer) vs EU (technology inventor, IPRs owner) • Between member states (different development level) => differentiated capabilities to use new technologies and innovations for CC issues • Technology transfer to address ASEAN’s local needs • Green initiatives economic growth, job creation, poverty alleviation. • Role of private sector • efficient in technology absorption and diffusion • incentivize better involvement in CC • Not sufficient discussions and regulations for compensation to technology producers; agreements to protect IPRs

7. Gaps and status quo – green economy (2) • Projected dependence of ASEAN countries on fossil fuels in the next decades. • Energy diversification renewable energy. • Prioritizing renewables – need for political support/ coordination between governments, decision makers, private sector. • Coherent efforts between individual states and regional institutions in support of TT .

8. Gaps and status quo – civil society • Disconnection between active civil society at national and subnational level and its representation at ASEAN level. • Civic engagement in ASEAN level second tier compared to the EU, despite existing tracks of CSO (Civil Society Organisation). • Different possibilities of CSO at the EU and ASEAN level (funding, lobbying). • Application processes, guidelines and requirements to be included in ASEAN-accredited organisations => opaque.

9. Policy implications – general (1) • ‘Top-down’: long term strategic policy making to avoid mal-adaptation and ensure coherence between measures and sectors. and ‘Bottom-up’: adaptation through sector-specific measures that reflect local realities. • Policy framework at regional level or inter-regional level • guidelines for particular countries and their CC strategies, action plans/regulations in certain dimensions • elaborate on measures, actions, policies, commitments. • Identifying institutions of similar  or common character at the EU and ASEAN level - possibilities for cooperation; increase effectiveness; eliminate overlapping regional institutions; avoid duplications. • Linking identified institutions with relevant institutions at national level. • Strengthening the enforcement capabilities of regional institutions on MS.

10. Policy implications – general (2) • Strengthen partnerships and mutual learning between ASEAN and the EU => direct cooperation and dialogue between relevant sectorial ministries and authorities => experts, policy makers, researchers dialogue => solving issues on regulation and technical sides, supporting the institutional implementation of policies • Promote direct and para-diplomatic cooperation at subnational level => cities /smart cities / universities / institutes • Strengthen and expand dialogue platforms between Europe and SE Asia => i.e. READI (Regional EU – ASEAN Dialogue Instrument)

11. Policy implications – institutional dimension Regional level Recommendations to ASEAN based on the EU experiences: • Institutional coordination with a high profile head of ASEAN CC Negotiations • Bringing the ASEAN negotiations to a new level of expertise • Recognizing inequalities with different sharing of efforts • Formulate long-term goals or vision instead of short-term roadmaps • Timely manner on sharing of information National level • Setting of research and technical capacities (esp. monitoring mechanisms) • Consolidation of environmental laws • Coordination of one’s national policies to remove barriers and inclusion of regional agreements • Ensure intergovernmental cooperation – bottom up governance

12. Policy implications – green economy • Build public private partnership dialogue on RES • elaborate on regulation on RES • avoid “implementation gap” in ASEAN member states • build a consultation and dialogue institutional platform between ASEAN member state on RES. • Strengthening cooperation on green initiatives via FDI from EU to ASEAN countries. • Strengthening academia and researcher exchange and cooperation on climate change issues between EU and ASEAN. • Building partnership and projects with different stakeholders (public and private) for developing green innovation technology between EU and ASEAN). • Elaborate on solutions to build an agreement/policy/regulations to raise funding for technology or a global technology acquisition fund.

13. Policy implications – civil society • Institutionalise civil society organisations at ASEAN level: financially and administratively. • Incorporate improvements and clear guidelines on CSO, e.g. on transparency, governance and reporting. • Need to elaborate on a central, co-ordinating structure or body, an accreditation process for CSOs at the ASEAN level; i.e. ASEAN Social Forestry Network (ASFN). • Strengthen the participation of CSO in decision-making process at the international level and the possibility for their cooperation and active participation in climate change issues. • Encourage the exchange of CSO between EU and ASEAN member states in order to strengthen partnership; sharing experiences; learning process.

14. Concluding remarks • partnership • learning • understanding

15. Thank you for your attention!!