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Cells & Heredity Chapter 5 Section 2

Cells & Heredity Chapter 5 Section 2. Evidence of Evolution. I. Interpreting the evidence. A. Fossils 1. Infer structure (basic body plan) of ancient organisms 2. Very different from today a. Organisms have changed.

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Cells & Heredity Chapter 5 Section 2

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  1. Cells & HeredityChapter 5 Section 2 Evidence of Evolution

  2. I. Interpreting the evidence A. Fossils 1. Infer structure (basic body plan) of ancient organisms 2. Very different from today a. Organisms have changed

  3. B. Similarities in early development • Suggests relationships • Share common ancestor

  4. C. Body structure similarities • Homologous structures • Vertebrates a. Human arm b. Cat leg c. Whale flipper d. Bat wing

  5. - Evidence of Evolution Homologous Structures • The structure of the bones in a dolphin’s flipper, a bird’s wing, and a dog’s leg is similar. Homologous bones are shown in the same color. Page 150

  6. II. Inferring species relationships • DNA similarities 1. Compare nitrogen base sequences 2. Compare order of amino acids (genetic code) 3. More similar sequences/orders means species are more closely related

  7. B. Combining evidence 1.Reveals relationships

  8. C. Branching trees 1.Diagram shows how groups of organisms are related

  9. - Evidence of Evolution A Branching Tree • This branching tree shows how scientists now think that raccoons, lesser pandas, giant pandas, and bears are related. Page 152

  10. III. How new species form • Isolation 1. Group is separated long enough to develop different traits

  11. B. Example: Australian marsupials 1.Continent separated from Pangaea 250 million years ago

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