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The American Revolution 1775-1783

The American Revolution 1775-1783. The Shot Heard Round the World. The Combatants. British Advantages Army of Regulars Top Navy 30,000 Hessians 50,000 American loyalists Large industrial base Money and supplies. American Advantages 3,000 miles of ocean Home Turf (defensive war)

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The American Revolution 1775-1783

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  1. The American Revolution 1775-1783

  2. The Shot Heard Round the World

  3. The Combatants

  4. British Advantages Army of Regulars Top Navy 30,000 Hessians 50,000 American loyalists Large industrial base Money and supplies

  5. American Advantages • 3,000 miles of ocean • Home Turf (defensive war) • Fighting for independence • Leadership • Possible French assistance • Guerilla tactics

  6. American Advantages • Most important element of American victory was their determination to be free.

  7. Lexington and Concord “The shot heard round the world” Unclear start to a revolution Approves “Olive Branch Petition” Battles

  8. Breed’s Hill/ Bunker Hill British driven from Mass England ‘wins’ but loses ½ its men British realize the scope of the revolution Battles

  9. Trenton NJ:Washington attacks during winter with limited success. Defeats Hessians Battles

  10. Battle of Saratoga: Turning point French have the confidence to support the Patriots with supplies

  11. Washington Crossing the Delaware

  12. Valley Forge Low point for Continental Army. Suffered the winter without food or supplies. 3,000 soldiers die from starvation and disease.

  13. Yorktown Marks last major battle Cornwallis cornered between land and sea French-American army surround British Battles

  14. “The World Turn’d Upside Down”

  15. First Continental Congress • Convened in Phil. in ‘74 • Statement of grievances to King • Preparations for fighting • Boycott • Agreed to meet again in ‘75

  16. Common Sense Thomas Paine • Published Jan.’76 • Sold 100,000 copies in first four months • Called for complete split from Britain and its constitution

  17. Declaration of Independence • Written by Jefferson • Formal break with the crown

  18. When in the Course of Human Events…

  19. Reactions to July 4…

  20. Conducting the War: States v. Central government • Despite individual states vying for power, Congress given power to coordinate the war but • State militias • States volunteering money

  21. New York City in Flames

  22. War and Economy Trade with Britain cut No protection at sea • Diversified by the 1780s • New trading partners • Formation of navy • Some industry forms

  23. Imports/Exports

  24. Treaty of Paris of 1783 • U.S. bordered by Mississippi, Canada, Atlantic, and Florida • Diplomatic recognized by British • British promised to evacuate Ohio Valley • U.S. promised to pay debts

  25. War and Society • Loyalists harassed • Left behind property and estates • Many moved to Canada or Britain • Native-Americans generally opposed the Revolution • Mixed bag for African-Americans

  26. Toleration and Slavery • Where it was not used, usually abolished • SC and GA refused to halt slave trade • Separation of Church and State (Statute of Religious Freedom by Thomas Jefferson of VA)

  27. Washington Resigns from the Army

  28. State Constitutions • Guiding principle: Do the opposite of Britain • Republicanism • CN & RI simply changed their colonial charters • Limited executive branch • Most had bicameral legislatures • Property required for voting

  29. Articles of Confederation (’81-’89) • Federal Gov’t consisted of a unicameral Congress (9 out of 13 votes to pass a law) • 13 out of 13 states needed to amend • Representatives frequently absent • Could not tax or raise armies • Northwest Ordinance a success • Shays’ Rebellion shows weaknesses

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