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Coal

Coal. By Ireland Tawney , Sierra Bickford, Hannah Bassett, Lily Scammon. Info. LOCATION many coastal mines not all coastal scattered around the world. AGE-(Price) Age: Devonian Period (400 mya ) Two major coal forming periods Pennsylvanian Paleocene Price:

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Coal

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  1. Coal By Ireland Tawney, Sierra Bickford, Hannah Bassett, Lily Scammon

  2. Info LOCATION • many coastal mines • not all coastal • scattered around the world AGE-(Price) • Age: • Devonian Period (400 mya) • Two major coal forming periods • Pennsylvanian • Paleocene • Price: • Depends on the mine or location where coal comes from • January 4, 2013 (per short ton) • Central Appalachian- $68.05 • Powder River Basin - $10.45 • Illinois Basin - $47.90

  3. How Coal is Formed • Fossil Fuel • Most formed 400 million years ago, Devonian Period •  Plants die  sink to bottom of swamp  creates peat buried by erosion sedimentary rocks form pressure, heat, and time forces out water and oxygen coal is formed. •  Newest coal formed 1 million years ago, oldest 400 million years ago • 40-90% of weight is carbon •  Estimate 3-7 feet of compact plant matter= 1 foot of bituminous coal 

  4. What is it? • A combustible rock consisting mainly of carbonized plant matter • Five types of coal • Peat • Lignite • Subbituminous coal • Bituminous coal • Anthracite coal • Described by rank and grade • Coal is worth more the less ash left in it (most commercial is 3-9% ash) • Some trace elements are sodium, sulfur, phosphorus, chlorides, nitrates, and sulfates, and arsenic  

  5. How it Works • Gets energy from the sunlight absorbed by the plant through photosynthesis •  Energy already exists in coal •   Needs heat for an activation energy •  Heat breaks chemical bonds created during fossilization- released heat Coal to Electricity •  Energy released in heat causes water to boil boiling water creates steam steam creates pressure pressure spins generator turbine spinning motion turns electrical generator= electricity

  6. Coal Mining Process • Types of mining- • Surface mining •     Underground mining • Longwall mining • Conventional mining • Underground • Drift • Slope • Shaft

  7. Coal power Plant • Coal is put in burner to produce heat The Thermodynamic Process • Heat boils water in the boiler to produce steam • The steam is then piped to a turbine • The turbine rotates • Produce electricity • Repeat the cycle

  8. Effects on Environment • Coal is a chemically complex fuel • Mining coal releases dust/gas into the air • Particles of ash called “fly ash” released • Sulfur combines with oxygen • Forms sulfur dioxide • Major air pollution if emitted in large quantities • Surface of land is disrupted when mined • Contributes to acid rain • Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels • outflow of acidic water from coal mines or metal mines (acid mine drainage) • air pollution from coal-fired plants • air pollution from coal mines • climate impact of coal mines/coal plants • coal fires (3% of worlds annual carbon dioxide emission) • combustion waste (worlds second largest waste stream) • coal sludge (liquid coal waste from washing coal containing toxins)

  9. Citations • http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=coal+mines&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=857C766A7EA2226C5F848BDA8DD0788118D414B0&selectedIndex=4 • http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=coal+mines&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=FC35E794F4722DB383FE346F590D2815CF9EEB79&selectedIndex=5 • http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=south+korean+capital+pollution&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=54DCDC0B8E7387F6C9BED47408A2B0524BB1DCA3&selectedIndex=0 • http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=earth+map+of+coal+mine&qs=n&form=QBIR&pq=earth+map+of+coal+mine&sc=0-0&sp=-1&sk=#view=detail&id=B9E73522EAFC19028C1AB856CBFCDCCEA1CCBDE8&selectedIndex=5 • http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=how+coal+is+made&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=E4FF4401F47A139C06B672450C3BF5ADBA8A7168&selectedIndex=1 • http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=coal&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=8BA9EBBC75BB8E208EDC81ABCC81C5CDD420265A&selectedIndex=1 • http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=+coal+plant&qs=n&form=QBIR&pq=coal+plant&sc=8-10&sp=-1&sk=#view=detail&id=C07F2E6B8214C0C3B731A812045E0882E9AAC05F&selectedIndex=2 • http://www.worldcoal.org/coal/coal-mining/ • http://www.ildceo.net/NR/rdonlyres/D54DB23B-BFCC-49D7-9D73-89448384DD94/0/Howiscoalmined2.pdf • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=coal+power+plant&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&tbo=d&rlz=1C1CHFX_enUS375US379&biw=1600&bih=756&tbm=isch&tbnid=R0YxBpgLJUfKDM:&imgrefurl=http://forums.appleinsider.com/t/151243/greenpeace-says-apples-clean-energy-policies-are-significantly-improved/40&docid=Gx9uDybQPfJvMM&imgurl=http://forums-cdn.appleinsider.com/c/cf/cffb4dfa_coal-fired-power-plant_media.jpeg&w=2000&h=1232&ei=JyHzUOe-Cabm0gGGr4CICw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=758&vpy=325&dur=399&hovh=158&hovw=264&tx=216&ty=120&sig=112856266099185639852&page=1&tbnh=135&tbnw=236&start=0&ndsp=29&ved=1t:429,r:10,s:0,i:180 • http://www.duke-energy.com/about-energy/generating-electricity/coal-fired-how.asp • http://www.wsgs.uwyo.edu/coalweb/library/coaltime/intro.aspx • http://www.eia.gov/coal/news_markets/index.cfm • http://www.wsgs.uwyo.edu/coalweb/library/science/what.aspx • http://www.wsgs.uwyo.edu/coalweb/library/science/quality.aspx • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=what+is+coal&um=1&hl=en&tbo=d&rlz=1C1CHFX_enUS375US379&biw=1600&bih=756&tbm=isch&tbnid=XuPRUvc63YekDM:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal&docid=TuJGeyI_gp2pOM&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Coal_anthracite.jpg/220px-Coal_anthracite.jpg&w=220&h=206&ei=0D3zUN-NJMWo0AHnyYHwBg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=403&vpy=145&dur=268&hovh=164&hovw=176&tx=114&ty=58&sig=112856266099185639852&page=1&tbnh=146&tbnw=164&start=0&ndsp=29&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0,i:87 • http://www.coaleducation.org/lessons/twe/envi.htm • http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Environmental_impacts_of_coal • http://www.worldcoal.org/coal/coal-mining/

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