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Carroll Chapter 16 Baumeister & Tice Chapter 3

Carroll Chapter 16 Baumeister & Tice Chapter 3. Atypical Sexual Variations. What is Normal?. Statistical norm (mean,var) Many behs rare but not deviant Social/cultural norm Varies lots Inappropriate people, objects, or activities Non genital sex. Paraphilias.

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Carroll Chapter 16 Baumeister & Tice Chapter 3

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  1. Carroll Chapter 16Baumeister & Tice Chapter 3 Atypical Sexual Variations

  2. What is Normal? • Statistical norm (mean,var) • Many behs rare but not deviant • Social/cultural norm • Varies lots • Inappropriate people, objects, or activities • Non genital sex

  3. Paraphilias • Atypical sexual patterns (APA) • Arousal to unusual S (kids, shoes, rubber) • Uncontrollable, recurrent urges (acted on) • Distressing • Problematic • Mostly men • Harmless v. victim-producing

  4. Fetishism • Arousal to inanimate objects (high-heeled shoes, stockings, rubber) • Masturbation device (almost all men) • Varies in intensity • Pleasurable addition • No arousal w/o object • Is this normal?

  5. Class Data 03 (N = 71, Female = 41) Yes Masturbate - NonSex 20% Male Female Yes Yes Masturbate - NonSex 25% 18%

  6. What is Normal? • Matter of degree • Being aroused by high-heeled shoes is not necessarily a problem • Uncontrollable urges • Distressed & no satisfaction w/o object • Harmful to self, others (burglary of women’s shoes)

  7. Reaction Paper I: Fetishism • How would you react if your lover revealed that s/he had a fetish? Do you think fetishes are ‘sick’ or ‘harmless fun’? Why do you think you feel this way? • PLEASE TURN IN AFTER CLASS!

  8. Transvestism • Aroused by dressing like women • Married heterosexuals • No gender confusion • Likely to be oldest/only children close w/ Mom • Petticoat punishment

  9. Pedophilia • Sexual arousal by children • Most common victimizing paraphilia • Wide cultural & historical variation in acceptability • Illegal in every country in the world • Begins in adolescence & is obsessive, predatory • Girls more likely to be victims than boys

  10. Pedophilia • Most pedophiles are males • Some females but they usually play helping role to male • Female pedophiles more disturbed • Abuse younger children for a longer time • Abuse can produce long lasting psychological trauma

  11. Pedophilia • Pedophiles • Arrested psychological development • Poor self-esteem • Poor social skills w/ adults • History of being abused (~35%) • Difficult/impossible to treat • 100s of victims & very high recidivism rate

  12. Causes • Biology • No brain abnormalities • Hormone imbalances (exhibitionists high T) • Psychoanalytical • Defend against uncon fears (castration anxiety) • Symbolically assert penis • Behavioral/Learning • Associate object/act w/ arousal or reward during childhood

  13. Masochism • Aroused by pain and/or humiliation • Spanked, bound, domination, lick boots, urinated on, by sexual sadist (S&M) • Elaborate rituals • Avoid injury (pain, not damage) • Mostly men but women also • Most married, successful & prosperous • No relation w/ sexual orientation • Pain arousing only in sexual context

  14. Class Data 03 (N = 71, Female = 41) Yes Kinsey (1953) ~25% Engaged in Masochistic 31% Male Female Engaged in Masochistic 29% 32% Maybe or definitely Try Masochistic 46% 23%

  15. Masochism: Causes • Psychoanalytical • Guilt over unconscious desire for power • Punish ourselves • Guilt over normal sex - domination freeing • Not supported • Masochistic desires far more common (4:1) • Start masochistic role -> sadistic • Guilt about S&M, not normal sexual desires

  16. Masochism: Causes • Biological Opponent Processes • Physiological reactions causes equal and opposite reaction • Pain -> pleasure • Not supported • Masochism too rare in general population • Cultural variation large

  17. Masochism: Causes • Escape From Self • Modern Western culture stressful • Reduce self-awareness releases stress • Pain, humiliation focuses attention on immediate experience • Forget self & worries of normal life • Break from stress of daily life (reprieve) • Mistress take me away

  18. Group Activity II: Paraphilias • Groups of 4-5 (mixed-gender) discuss the following questions • Summarize As • Present to class • PLEASE TURN IN AFTER CLASS!

  19. Group Activity II: Paraphilias • 1. Why do paraphilias occur primarily among men? Is there gender bias regarding behaviors labeled “deviant”? (e.g., are women who dress like men deviant?) • 2. Why do you think women have more masochistic fantasies than men & men engage in more masochistic behavior?

  20. Conclusions • What is (ab)normal is hard to define • Rooted in current culture • Harmful to self or others key • Sexual interest, behaviors vary widely • Many theoretical approaches attempt to explain this variability

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