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Immunological Effects of Induced Shame and Guilt

Immunological Effects of Induced Shame and Guilt . Sally S. Dickerson, MA, Margret E. Kemeny , PhD, Najim Aziz, MD, Kevin H. Kim, PhD, and John L. Fahey, MD Presented by: Dominic Furco. Introduction . Testing how specific emotions effect immunological response Shame and Guilt Main goal

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Immunological Effects of Induced Shame and Guilt

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  1. Immunological Effects of Induced Shame and Guilt Sally S. Dickerson, MA, Margret E. Kemeny, PhD, Najim Aziz, MD, Kevin H. Kim, PhD, and John L. Fahey, MD Presented by: Dominic Furco

  2. Introduction • Testing how specific emotions effect immunological response • Shame and Guilt • Main goal • Examine the association between shame/guilt and immunological changes that occur under controlled conditions

  3. Introduction • Research linking immune system function and emotion has only been tested on various mood disorders. • Not a lot of research on how specific emotions effect immune response • Unknown immunological effects of shame/guilt emotions.

  4. Background • TNF-α: Proinflammatory cytokine • Induce inflammation • sTNFαRII: soluble receptor for TNF • Determine response function • Β2-microglobulin: marker of immune activity • Effect levels of lymphocytes and monocytes • Cortisol: steroid hormone • Secreted by adrenal gland • OMT: Oral Mucosal transudate • Enters the mouth by crossing the inside lining of the cheeks from the capillaries

  5. Hypothesis • Inducing self-blame will lead to increases in proinflammatory cytokine activity, β2M, and cortisol • Proinflammatory cytokine activity.

  6. Methods • 49 participants • 32 female/17 male • Experimental • Traumatic and upsetting experiences that they felt shameful about/blamed themselves for. • Control • Activity in past 24 hours • OMT samples taken before and after writing • Measure TNF-a, sTNFaRII, B2M, and cortisol • Repeated on 3 separate days

  7. Methods • Affect Balance Scale Questionnaire • Measured emotion before and after writing • Daily health Behavior Questionnaire • Assess health behavior the day of the study • Essay Evaluation Measure • Participants rated their writing on how person, emotional, and meaningful it was • Hierarchical Linear Modeling • Nested design • Time, Days, Group

  8. Results

  9. Results

  10. Conclusion • Increased cytokine activity • Cortisol and β2-microglobulin remained unaffected

  11. Review • More research on sTNFαRII • Different stressors and specific emotions that elicit an immunological response

  12. Bibliography • Kiecolt-Glaser J, McGuire L, Robles T, Glaser R. EMOTIONS, MORBIDITY, AND MORTALITY: New Perspectives from Psychoneuroimmunology. Annual Review Of Psychology [serial online]. February 2002;53(1):83. Academic Search Elite, Ipswich, MA. Accessed October 22, 2012. • Kiecolt-Glaser J, McGuire L, Robles T, Glaser R. Psychoneuroimmunology: Psychological influences on immune function and health. Journal Of Consulting And Clinical Psychology [serial online]. June 2002;70(3):537-547. PsycARTICLES, Ipswich, MA. Accessed October 22, 2012. • C. Hawkley, T. Cacioppo John. Stress and the aging immune system. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity [serial online]. September 2003;114-119. Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, 940 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL. • Petrie K, Booth R, Pennebaker J. Journal of Personality and Social Pschology: The Immunological Effects of Thought Suppression [serial online]. July 1998;1264-1272. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Auckland, P.O. Box 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. • Dickerson S, Kemeny M, Aziz N, Kim K, Fahey J. Psychosomatic Medicine: Immunological Effects of Induced Shame and Guilt [serial online]. 2004;124-131. Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095

  13. Questions?

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