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Origins of World War I Chapter 10: Section 2 Ms. Garratt

Origins of World War I Chapter 10: Section 2 Ms. Garratt. How did the assassination of Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary lead to a global war?. Entangling Alliances. There were two major alliance systems The Triple Entente: Brit, Fr Russ The Central Powers: Germ, Ottoman Empire

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Origins of World War I Chapter 10: Section 2 Ms. Garratt

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  1. Origins of World War IChapter 10: Section 2Ms. Garratt

  2. How did the assassination of Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary lead to a global war?

  3. Entangling Alliances • There were two major alliance systems • The Triple Entente: • Brit, • Fr • Russ • The Central Powers: • Germ, • Ottoman Empire • A-H • Each country had its reasons for wanting war

  4. Individual Motives • Russ – wanted to expand influence in slavic nations, supported Serbia against A-H & Ottoman Empire. Began early mobilization so it wouldn’t be too late • Germ – supported A-H and urged hard-line policy. Saw Russ mobiliz’n as threat • Fr – wanted to strike blow against Germ, was allied with Russ. Did not want to face Germ alone • Brit had intense rivalry w/Germ but was obligated to defend Belg which Germ invaded

  5. Early Years • Stalemate on Western front led to trench warfare • No mans land separating two sides • Each side dug in where they would remain for the next 3 years • On Eastern front the Central Powers took advantage of poorly organized Russ army • Old fashioned mili tactics lead to millions of deaths

  6. Poison Gas Flamethrowers Submarines Aviation - dogfights Machine Guns Zeppelins New Military Technology

  7. Poison Gas

  8. US Neutrality • This was official US policy • Immigrants often took sides • Loans made to Allies tied us to them • Brit cut Transatlantic cable to control info & vilify Germ • Neutrality was threatened due to submarine warfare & particularly the Lusitania incident

  9. What changed US policy? • Campaign slogan was “He kept us out of the war” but Wilson knew that US was edging closer to war though • Pressure to enter the war was due to: • (1) unrestricted sub warfare • (2) Zimmerman Telegram • (3) Desire to play a role in peace process

  10. Unrestricted Sub Warfare • After Luisitania Germ promised it would stop but then in 1917 it announced an unrestricted submarine campaign • This was due to Brit blockade & because Germ did not really consider the US neutral • Wilson refused to disallow Americans from traveling the seas • This caused S/S Bryan to resign

  11. Zimmerman Telegram • Brit intercepted a cable from a Germ official (Zimmerman) to the Germ ambassador in Mexico. • It proposed that if Mexico allied itself with Germ it would help Mexico recover New Mexico, Arizona & Texas.

  12. US Business Loans • Big Business put pressure on US gov due to $2.2 billion in loans to the allies • If Allies won the loans would be repaid, if they lost ----- well duh

  13. Declaration of War • Wilson asked Congress for declaration of war in April 1917 • Support in Congress was strong • What now was required was: • Mobilization for total war • Fundraising • Conscription

  14. Post War Peace Process • Wilson was an idealist • Wanted to play role in the peace process but this would be denied to the US unless it contributed & proved itself in battle • Had noble plans to peace that would prevent all future wars • Ironically, his quest for peace led us into war

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