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Waves and Energy Transfer

Waves and Energy Transfer. Wave Properties. Types of waves Mechanical waves: water waves, sound waves, rope waves(require a medium) Transverse waves: particles vibrate perpendicularly to the direction of motion of wave

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Waves and Energy Transfer

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  1. Waves and Energy Transfer

  2. Wave Properties • Types of waves • Mechanical waves: water waves, sound waves, rope waves(require a medium) • Transverse waves: particles vibrate perpendicularly to the direction of motion of wave • Longitudinal waves: particles vibrate parallel to the direction of the motion of the wave(compressions and rarefactions) • Surface waves: particles move both perpendicularly and parallel to the wave direction

  3. Wave Properties • Types of waves • Electromagnetic waves: light, X-rays, radio waves(no medium required; travel at light speed) • Matter waves: electrons and other particles exhibit matter waves under certain conditions(require quantum mechanics to describe properties)

  4. How are waves produced? • A wave pulse is a single disturbance that travels through a medium. • A traveling wave can be made by moving the rope or spring side to side. This may also be called a wave train. • Waves are produced by a vibrating source.

  5. The Measures of a Wave • The shortest time interval during which the motion repeats itself is called the period(T). • The frequency of the wave (f or n) is the number of complete vibrations per second measured at a fixed location. • It is measured in Hertz or second-1. • The frequency and the period are inverses of one another. • The wavelength(l) is the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself(crest to crest or trough to trough). • http://id.mind.net/%7Ezona/mstm/physics/waves/introduction/introductionWaves.html

  6. Waves

  7. A wave is measured by its velocity. • If it is EMR then its velocity is the speed of light. • If it is another kind of wave then • V = l n • The amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement from the rest or equilibrium position. • More amplitude requires more work and a larger amplitude transfers more energy. If the amplitude is doubled, the energy transfer is increased by a factor of 4.

  8. Wave Interference • The speed of a mechanical wave depends only on the properties of the medium. • The speed of water waves depends on the depth of the water. • The speed of rope waves depends on the force exerted on the rope and its mass per unit of length. • The speed of sound in air depends on the temperature of the air.

  9. Wave Interference • Speed does not change through a given medium even if the amplitude changes. • Often the medium changes. When this happens part of the energy is carried into the new medium with the same frequency and part is reflected.

  10. Two kinds of interference • Constructive interference occurs when two waves in phase reinforce one another and a larger wave results as they pass one another. • http://id.mind.net/%7Ezona/mstm/physics/waves/interference/constructiveInterference/InterferenceExplanation2.html • Destructive interference occurs when two waves out of phase encounter one another and the resultant wave is smaller than either wave. • http://id.mind.net/%7Ezona/mstm/physics/waves/interference/destructiveInterference/InterferenceExplanation3.html • http://id.mind.net/%7Ezona/mstm/physics/waves/interference/intrfrnc.html

  11. Wave Adder • http://id.mind.net/%7Ezona/mstm/physics/waves/waveAdder/WaveAdder1.html

  12. New terms • Standing wave: a wave that appears not to move • Antinode: a place on a wave not equal to zero • Node: a place on a wave where the function is equal to zero; a damper can be placed on a node and there is no change to the wave motion • http://id.mind.net/%7Ezona/mstm/physics/waves/standingWaves/standingWaveDiagrams1/StandingWaveDiagrams1.html

  13. New Terms • http://id.mind.net/%7Ezona/mstm/physics/waves/standingWaves/standingWaves1/StandingWaves1.html • http://id.mind.net/%7Ezona/mstm/physics/waves/standingWaves/standingWaves2/StandingWaves2.html • http://id.mind.net/%7Ezona/mstm/physics/waves/standingWaves/standingWaves3/StandingWaves3.html

  14. More terms • Reflected waves are those that bounce back from a barrier. • http://id.mind.net/%7Ezona/mstm/physics/waves/waveReflection/waveReflection.html • Refracted waves are those that are bent as they pass into another medium. • Refraction

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