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Bacteria

Bacteria. They are Prokaryotes. No nucleus Small in size Single celled A single chromosome Reproduce sexually or asexually Have simple flagella as opposed to complex flagella Can exist without oxygen. Bacterial Shapes. Bacillus (rod shaped) Coccus (spherical)

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Bacteria

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  1. Bacteria

  2. They are Prokaryotes No nucleus Small in size Single celled A single chromosome Reproduce sexually or asexually Have simple flagella as opposed to complex flagella Can exist without oxygen

  3. Bacterial Shapes Bacillus (rod shaped) Coccus (spherical) Spirillum (spiral shaped)

  4. Ways to Identify bacteria By the type of cell wall they have… There are two types of bacterial cell walls; Gram + and Gram – Identifying the type of cell wall they have helps us choose the right type of treatment (antibiotic) for it

  5. Terms to know • Endospore – this is a thickened cell wall that serves as a protective cover when conditions become too harsh for the bacteria to survive • Example: too hot, the presence of a toxic chemical, drought, etc. When conditions get better, the bacteria can emerge from the endospore and resume its life

  6. Bacteria and Energy Bacteria can use different sources of energy; some are Photosynthetic – these use… example: cyanobacteria Chemosynthetic – these use inorganic sources (inorganic means no C-C or C-H bonds) like iron, nitrogen, or sulfur example: nitrogen-fixing bacteria Heterotrophic – these feed off of organic sources example: the decomposers (important!)

  7. Pathogenic Bacteria These bacteria can cause disease 1. some secrete enzymes to break down molecules (in your body, this can be a problem!) 2. some secrete toxins (poisons) botulism, E. coli O157:H7 See the chart on page 447 for examples

  8. Botulism

  9. E. coli

  10. How do we treat Bacterial infections? Antibiotics discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming The fungus penicillin secreted something that prevented bacteria from growing Treatment with antibiotics began widely after the 1940’s

  11. What is Antibiotic Resistance? This is when the antibiotic is no longer an effective treatment. How does this happen? Misuse Multiple antibiotics being used at once Soaps and sprays, etc

  12. There are Good Bacteria too! They help ferment foods (pickles, bread, vinegar, cheese) They can make chemicals that are used in industry (acetone and butanol) They can help isolate elements like copper and uranium They can consume oil from oil spills There are bacteria in our digestive systems

  13. The end

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