The Digestive System

1. The Digestive System By: Jacquelyn Hoang Minh Phan

2. Background Digestion is the process where food and drinks are broken down into their smallest parts so the body can use them to build and nourish cells and to provide energy. Digestion involves mixing food with digestive juices, moving it through the digestive tract, and breaking down large molecules. Digestion begins in the mouth, when you chew and swallow, and is completed through the anus.

3. The Digestive System Parts What parts make up the digestive system?

4. The Mouth, Esophagus & Sphincter • Swallow food from the mouth • Where the digestive system begins • Swallowed food pushed into esophagus • Esophagus connects throat with stomach • Esophageal Sphincter is closing passageway between the two organs • As food approaches the closed sphincter, the sphincter relaxes and allows the food to pass through the stomach

5. The Stomach Has 3 main tasks: • stores the swallowed food and liquid • mixes up the food, liquid, and digestive (gastric) juices produced by the stomach • empties its contents slowly into the small intestine http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uzl6M1YlU3w

6. The Small Intestine Made of 3 segments: • Duodenum: takes in semi-digested food and continues the digestive system process • Jejunum: carries food through rapidly, with wave-like muscle contractions, also known as peristalsis • Ileum: where most of the nutrients from food are absorbed before emptying into the large intestine By the time food reaches the small intestine, it has already been broken up and mashed into liquid by the stomach

7. The Small Intestine(continued) It carries out most of the digestive process, absorbing almost all of the nutrients you get from the food into your bloodstream. Has 3 features: • Mucosal folds: increases the surface area and helps regulate the flow of digested food • Villi: form numerous tiny projections which stick out into the open space inside intestine, and are covered with cells that help absorb nutrients from the food • Microvilli: cells on the villi are packed full of tiny hair like structures called microvilli and help increase the surface of each individual cell

8. The Large Intestine The large intestine is much broader than the small intestine and takes a much straighter path through your belly, or abdomen. Its job is to absorb water and salts from the material that has not been digested as food, and gets rid of any waste products left over. Made up of 3 parts: • Cecum: takes in digested liquid from the ileum and passes it on to the colon • Colon: principal place for water resorption, and absorbs salts when needed • Rectum: leftover waste collects there until you use the bathroom, then let out through anus

9. The Colon Consists of 4 parts: • Ascending colon: pushes any undigested debris • Transverse colon: food moves through this • Descending colon: pushes its contents from just near the spleen • Sigmoid colon: curves inward among coils of small intestine, empties in rectum

10. The Liver • heaviest and largest organ • process nutrients from food • make bile • remove toxins from body • builds protein

11. The Kidneys • bean-shaped organs, fist sized • remove wastes and water from the blood to form urine • keeps blood clean and chemically balanced • actual removal of wasted occur in tiny units called nephrons, each kidney has about a million nephrons

12. Diseases/Conditions that occur in the digestive system

13. Glossitits • a condition that occurs on the tongue • may occur after pheumonia Symptoms: • swelling of tongue & it's petruding from the lips • dry red and glossy tongue Treatments: put soft linen cloth dipped in solution of gylcerin over swelling tongue and gives relief

14. Esophagitis • occurs in the esophagus • inflammation of the mucous membrane of the esophagus • may arise from swallowing hot drinks or food Symptoms: • dull, uneasy feeling, burning sensation Treatment: • drinking milk • eating small bites of ice for relief

15. Nervous Vomiting • occurs in the stomach • caused from seasickness or sick vomiting Symptoms: • vomiting Treatment: • determining an exciting cause, and removing it where possible, when the vomiting ceases

16. How to keep a healthy digestive system? Simple and easy ways

17. Lifestyle Guidelines • avoid processed foods • avoid smoking • avoid excessive alcohol • eat healthy, high fiber diet • being properly vaccinated • exercise • slimming down helps reduce the pressure on your stomach

18. Overview/Questions What's the largest and heaviest organ in the body? What are the bean-shaped things that remove waste in the body? A disease that cause the tongue to swell is? In the small intestine, what increases surface area and helps regulate digested food flow?

19. Thank You!