“Diamonds are Forever” But the sparkle in your school may be wasted energy.

1. “Diamonds are Forever”But the sparkle in your school may be wasted energy. Southeastern Facility Masters Conference November 18-20, 2008 Little Rock, Arkansas It’s the Little Things – Low-Cost /No-Cost Larry Schoff, PE Consultant to the US Department of Energy’s EnergySmart Schools Program

2. DOE EnergySmart Schools Goals Approach Impact

3. DOE EnergySmart Schools (cont.) New Construction and Major Renovations • Primarily suburban districts and states with growing populations • Opportunity: Design in sustainability and high-performance from the outset • Target: At least 50% energy savings over ASHRAE standards Existing Buildings/Retrofits • Primarily urban and rural districts, some driven by consolidations or need to upgrade aging infrastructures • Target: At least 30% energy savings

4. Presentation Outline Observations How Schools are Typically Operated? Energy Management Best Practices Opportunities and Strategies Financing High Performance Schools Conclusion

5. Observations (cont.) Hallway Lighting

6. Observations (cont.) Lack of Sensors

7. Observations (cont.) Over-Illumination

8. Observations (cont.) Wrong Fixtures and Lamps

9. Observations (cont.) Classroom Lighting

10. Observations (cont.) Improper Use of Controls and Switches

11. Observations (cont.) Blinds, Shades

12. Observations (cont.) Plug Loads

13. Observations (cont.) Phantom Loads 13 Watts

14. Observations (cont.) Covered or Blocked Unit Ventilators

15. Observations (cont.) Lack of Knowledge

16. How Schools are Typically Operated • Without knowledge of energy use and impact of individuals actions • No uniform energy policy • No approved Energy Management Plan • Limited preventive maintenance • Lack of total involvement of personnel • All impact performance – energy efficiency

17. Energy Management Best Practices • Utility Management – need to know how much you use before you can determine how much you can save • ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager – Baseline • Review and approve utility bills • Energy use audit of each facility • Building occupancy profiles • Building characteristic and systems

18. Energy Management Best Practices (cont.) • Understanding of EMCS System • Develop and obtain approval of energy policy • Develop an energy regulation • Develop an energy management plan

19. Energy Management Best Practices (cont.) • Develop and obtain approval of an Energy Policy— foundation for EMP • Short document – 3 or 4 short paragraphs • Include a statement of purpose • “.. Provide leadership in developing a realistic energy ethic in the operations of our facilities ……. Success is the joint responsibility of governing body, administrators, teachers, students and all organization personnel and is based on their cooperation….” • Policy should include “… Superintendent is responsible to implement …. and administrators will be evaluated on the success …..”

20. Energy Management Best Practices (cont.) • Regulation to Implement Policy • Regulations can state specifics about the operations of energy systems in your buildings • Regulation can establish accountability • Regulation can include the establishment of Energy Manager Position and a Energy Mgt Team • Establishment of an incentive program • Establishment of a reporting and evaluation system

21. Energy Management Best Practices (cont.) • Development of an EMP • Statement of Purpose “…Guide the operation of the agency to achieve the highest standards in energy/water use/environmental and economic performance…” • State goals – “… X percent reduction in energy use for each facility by the FY 20xx –20yy..” • Can be in several areas including training and education • Sets objectives to achieve each goal

22. Opportunities and Strategies Commissioning of Building Systems Lighting Plug Loads Phantom Loads HVAC Energy Efficient Transformers Buildings as a Teaching Tool

23. Opportunities and Strategies (cont.) Commissioning of Building Systems • Re-Commissioning can provide an opportunity to tune-up your building • Retro-Commission a building that has not been commissioned

24. Opportunities and Strategies (cont.) Lighting • Control hallway lights in segments with multiple switches • Use sensors to automatically dim lights when natural light is present • Install motion detectors with manual override to cut lights in unoccupied hallways and seldom-used rooms • Use compact fluorescent light bulbs in storage closets • Clean lamp lenses • Upgrade lamps—New lamps produce more light so fewer are needed

25. Opportunities and Strategies (cont.) Lighting • Don’t over-do classroom lighting • Most designed over 70+FC • 50FC recommended • Install separate switches for lights near windows and for lights near interior walls • Install motion detectors to cut lights in unused classrooms • Control top outlet of a duplex outlet with occupancy sensor • Separate switches for task lights and room lights

26. Opportunities and Strategies (cont.) Lighting • Use fluorescent outdoor lights • If school has security system – turn off all interior lighting minutes after being set • Exterior lighting (current) – turn off completely • Exterior lighting (new tech) – sector/motion • Potential energy savings – 10-15%

27. Opportunities and Strategies (cont.) Plug Loads • Educational devices or appliances plugged into a school’s electrical system—Up to 25% • 120/208 volt electrical systems • Examples in schools: copiers, refrigerators, pop machines, microwaves • Examples in the classroom: computers, TV’s, DVD players, tape players, boom box, radios, CD players, printers, scanners, copiers, fish tanks, mini-refrigerators, toasters, coffee pots, hot plates, overhead projectors, LCD projectors

28. Opportunities and Strategies (cont.) Plug Loads • Vending Machines • Install vending misers on soft drink and snack machines • Remove internal lighting • 50% energy savings • Computers • Turn off computer monitors when not in use • Install energy-saving screen savers • Purchase new ENERGY STAR computers

29. Opportunities and Strategies (cont.) Phantom Loads • Also known as “Stand-by Power” and “Leaking Power” • Phantom loads exist in equipment with electronic clocks or timers, with remote controls, portable equipment and equipment with wall cubes • This equipment can consume energy from 3 to 25 watts per hour when turned off • Wall cubes big “phantoms” • Up to 5%

30. Opportunities and Strategies (cont.) Phantom Loads • Control plug and phantom loads by • Conducting a plug load survey • Education • Energy awareness training • Developing energy guidelines for plug loads • Include fees for personal items • Have “teeth” in the guidelines

31. Opportunities and Strategies (cont.) HVAC Systems • Install an energy-efficient HVAC system • Size HVAC system appropriate to square footage and design • Control outside air • Control unit operation • Conduct preventive maintenance • Change filters • Site heat producing equipment away from thermostats • Don’t block vents or use unit ventilators as shelves

32. Opportunities and Strategies (cont.) Energy Efficient Transformers • Currently, out of sight and out of mind—Today a “Dark Hole for Energy Inefficiency” in all building types Energy Being Lost Behind Closed Doors Energy Efficient Transformers A “Gold Mine” for efficiency and cost reductions

33. Opportunities and Strategies (cont.) Energy Efficient Transformers • A DOE study* found that: • Aging infrastructure and lightly loaded transformers • 60-80 Billion kWh losses annually • 40+ Million in commercial buildings • Installing energy efficient transformers can save the equivalent of 9 days of electric power generation * Federal Register – Part II Department of Energy, EERE, 10 CFR Part 430, Energy Conservation Program for Commercial and Industrial Equipment : Energy Conservation Standards for Distribution Transformers, July 29, 2004.

34. Opportunities and Strategies (cont.) Potential Energy Savings • Use of lighting systems – 30-40% of classroom lighting • Lighting controls – 10% • Type of lighting • HVAC – up to 20% • Plug loads – 25%+ of current plug load • Phantom loads – 50% of up to 5%

35. Opportunities and Strategies (cont.) Buildings as a Teaching Tool • Students, Administration, Community • Increases energy awareness • Have it interactive • Twenhofel Middle School, KY • Provides hands on experiences • Translate technologies and building features to everyday life

37. • Principles of Financing • Making a Business Case • Financing Options • State, Federal and Non-Profit Resources Co-branded by ASBO Endorsed by NSBA

38. Financing High-Performance Schools Principle 1.Determine Project Objectives Principle 2.Avoid Cream Skimming Principle 3. Identify All Cash Flows Principle 4. Focus on Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Principle 5. Select an Effective Cost-Benefit Mechanism Principle 6. Monitor and Verify Results

39. Financing High-Performance Schools (cont.) Investing in relatively low-cost projects with quick paybacks undermines efforts to finance more capital-intensive efforts with significant long-term benefits that can leverage those short-term payback. Principle 2. Avoid Cream Skimming

40. Conclusion In today’s world, operation of educational buildings should reflect not only the needs of the district but also the needs and goals of the Nation. Let’s make High-Performance Buildings leading to Net Zero Energy Schools one of our goals in the 21st century. It’s Not Rocket Science

41. Webinar 1Top 10 No-Cost Ways to Lower Your School’s Utility Bills Webinar 2Top 10 Low-Cost Ways to Lower Your School's Utility Bills Webinar 3Top 10 Investments to Lower Your School's Utility Bills Completed December 3, 2008, 1:00 – 2:30 PM EST January 21, 2009, 1:00 – 2:30 PM EST Hosted by Sponsored by For more information: Emily L. Knupp 202-552-1398 (direct) www.usgbc.og www.buildgreenschools.org

42. Information, tools and resources available at www.energysmartschools.gov Margo Appel Building Technologies Program U.S. Department of Energy (202) 586-9495 Margo.appel@ee.doe.gov Larry Schoff Energy Efficient Solutions (540) 961-2184 lschoff@rev.net