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Awareness in Agriculture

Awareness in Agriculture. Preventing Infectious Diseases. Refresher. Biosecurity is a set of management practices that prevent infectious diseases from being carried into a herd. Old and New Diseases. Old diseases Brucellosis Tuberculosis Johne’s Disease Leukosis

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Awareness in Agriculture

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  1. Awareness in Agriculture Preventing Infectious Diseases

  2. Refresher Biosecurity is a set of management practices that prevent infectious diseases from being carried into a herd

  3. Old and New Diseases • Old diseases • Brucellosis • Tuberculosis • Johne’s Disease • Leukosis • New or re-emerging diseases • West Nile Virus • Hanta Virus • Type II Bovine Viral Diarrhea

  4. Foreign Diseases • Foreign animal diseases • Foot and Mouth Disease • Hog Cholera • Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy • African Horse Sickness • Bioterrorist diseases • Anthrax • Botulism • Plague

  5. So… • To prevent: • Death loss • Decreased weight gains • Reduced milk production • Premature culling of animals • Soaring production costs • We must prevent these infectious diseases from being carried into our herds.

  6. Sounds easy, right? • Not really • Multiple infection routes • Fecal/oral E. coli, Salmonella, BVD, Johne’s • Milk and colostrum Johne’s, BVD, Salmonella, BLV • Nasal/saliva Salmonella, BVD, Mycoplasma • In utero Johne’s, Salmonella, BVD, BLV

  7. Biosecurity in Action

  8. Disease Prevention Strategies Quarantine Disease Testing Vaccination Sanitation

  9. Quarantine • Keep incoming livestock away from the established herd • Food • Water • Air space • How long?

  10. Quarantine • Effective against diseases with short incubation periods • Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis • Bovine Viral Diarrhea • Bovine Respiratory Syncitial Virus • Three weeks is generally adequate

  11. Quarantine • Not an effective strategy for long incubation diseases or diseases with unapparent carriers • Tuberculosis • Brucellosis • Johne’s Disease • Leptospirosis • Additional biosecurity strategies must be used

  12. Disease Testing • Test before purchasing • Accuracy is uncertain • Herd infection vs. individual infection

  13. Disease Testing Test entire source herd OR Purchase from producers participating in disease certification programs

  14. Disease Testing • Consult with your veterinarian • Which tests to request • Which animals to test • How many animals to test

  15. Vaccination • Should be used with other disease prevention tactics, because vaccination is not: • 100 percent effective • Available for all diseases • Ex. Cryptosporidia • Established herd and additions to the herd should be vaccinated

  16. Vaccination • Sudden death diseases • Clostridia, Anthrax • Respiratory diseases • IBR, BVD, PI3, BRSV, Pasterurella, etc. • Abortion diseases • IBR, BVD, Lepto, Vibrio, Trichomonas • Diarrhea diseases (scours) • Rotavirus, Corona virus, E. coli

  17. Vaccination • Many different brands and combinations are available • Base your vaccination decisions on: • Herd history • Management practices • Regional problems • Cost vs. benefits • Risk • Veterinary advice

  18. Sanitation • Keep dogs, cats, birds, rodents and wildlife away from feed supplies. • Neospora, Salmonella, Cryptosporidia • Do not use manure handling equipment to feed cattle. • Johne’s Disease • E. coli 0157:H7 • Salmonella • Coccidiosis

  19. Sanitation • Protect the herd from exposure to infectious agents • Visitor attire • CLEAN footbath and brush • Practice cleanliness and be aware of environmental changes on a daily basis

  20. Newborn Calf Management Keep traffic to a minimum AND Work with youngest calves before working older calves

  21. Don’t Forget Colostrum • Disease can be spread to calves through colostrum • Selection of colostrum donors • Healthy • Johne’s, BLV • Prolonged residence • Properly vaccinated

  22. Colostrum Management • Use one dam for one calf • Milk dam within one hour after calving if possible, not before calving • Clean udder and teats prior to milking • Do not store colostrum warm for second feeding • Save the excess colostrum frozen in Ziploc bags • Thaw colostrum properly to prevent damage to immunoglobulins

  23. Take this home! • Quarantine, disease testing, vaccination, sanitation • Most diseases are bought and paid for: • Replacements, other herd additions, leased bulls • Don’t forget: • Outside vehicles, equipment and visitors • Don’t overlook the established herd: • Separation of animals, order of chores, colostrum

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