Turkey and EU 1959 TO 1987

1. Turkey and EU 1959 TO 1987

2. Sept. 1959: Ankara applies for associate membership of the European Economic Community Sept. 1963: Ankara Agreement (an association agreement) signed to take Turkey into a customs union and finally full EEC membership. First financial protocol also signed. Nov. 1970: Additional Protocol and second financial protocol signed in Brussels. Jan. 1973: Additional Protocol enters into force, comprehensively setting out how the customs union would be established. June 1980: Association Council decides to decrease customs duties on almost all agricultural products to "zero" by 1987 14 April 1987: Turkey applies for full EEC membership.

3. SEPT 1959: The Turkish membership process to the European Union has been going on ever since Turkey applied to the EU in 1959. The EEC’S response to this first application was to propose the creation of an association between the EEC and Turkey. The association was pursuing an import substitution development strategy based on protectionism and state-led industrialization. Most of the elites in Turkey believed that opening the economy to European competition would ruin nascent Turkish industries and turn Turkey into a colony of Europe. Ankara applied for associate membership in the EEC mainly out of the fear that Greece, which had applied a year earlier, would gain an advantage in its relations with Europe.

4. Sept. 1963: Ankara Agreementand Turkey The Ankara Agreement was signed on September 12, 1963 at Ankara. The Agreement has threestep process toward creating a Customs Union which would help secure Turkey's full membership in the EEC. Ankara agreement, the aim of which full membership of Turkey does not limit Turkey-EU relations with free movement of goods but also aims to provide free movement of labor ,services and capital in order to integrate European Single Market.

5. The Agreement hasthree stages which are: 1)Preparatory stage: During this stage, which was to be from 1964 to 1973, the EEC would give some direct financial aid to Turkey and establish preferential trade conditions with Turkey. 2)Transitional stage: This stage was to cover twentytwo years where the Community and Turkey would eliminate all tariffs and trade barriers in order to establish a customs union between Turkey and the Community. 3)Final stage: Should the necessary progress be observed, the Community would examine the possibility of Turkey’s accession to the Community as a full member. “By the end of transitional stage, completion of the Custom Union was aimed.”

6. The agrement included that: Establish ever closer bonds between the Turkish people and the peoples brought together in the European Economic Community; Ensure a continuous improvement in living conditions in Turkey and in the European Economic Community through accelerated economic progress and the harmonious expansion of trade, and to reduce the disparity between the Turkish economy and the economies of the Member States of the Community; The support given by the EEC to the efforts of the Turkish people to improve their standard of living will facilitate the accession of Turkey to the Community at a later date; Preserve and strengthen peace and liberty by joint pursuit of the ideals underlying the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community;

7. Nov. 1970 -· Jan. 1973 When the property stage that Turkey aid for the Community to strengthen it’s economy and the stage between Turkey and Community was grown up the Customs Union ended the transitional stage has stated by the Additional protocol that was signed in 13 November 1970 and Turkey started the negotiations with EEC. In 1973 The Additional protocol came in to force.The Additional protocol determined their provisions of the transitional stage and the obligations of both parties and aimed transitional completion of the Customs Union. Within the framework of the Ankara agreement and Additional protocol Turkey was given the right to utilize EU’s financial cooperation and free movement of Turkish labor within the

8. 1980’s During the first half of the 1980’s: Relations between Turkey and the EEC a virtual freeze following the military coup d'etat on 12 September 1980. The first step on the path to full membership: Turkey's relationship with the EEC was legally sanctioned in 1963 when it signed an Association Agreement with the EU. Since then, Turkish hopes have been put on hold, particularly following: İt’s ivasion ofCyprus in 1974 and the military coup d’etat of 1980. In June 1980 Association council decides to decrease customs duties on almost all agricultural products to "zero" by 1987.

9. We can saw a temporary stop in relations as a result of the 1980 Turkish military coup. Turkey’s real interest in European integration began in the 1980s, following the shift to liberalization and economic openness in 1980 and in the wake of the terrible experiences of the highly suppressive military regime between 1980 and 1983. Integration with Europe promised economic prosperity and democratic consolidation. Ankara applied for membership in the EC in 1987.