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European Culture, Daily Life, and The Reformations

European Culture, Daily Life, and The Reformations. Chapter 15.3, 15.4, and 15.5. The Reformation Begins. Some northern humanists maintained that the church seemed more interested in income than saving souls Martin Luther had a major problem with many Church practices

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European Culture, Daily Life, and The Reformations

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  1. European Culture, Daily Life, and The Reformations Chapter 15.3, 15.4, and 15.5

  2. The Reformation Begins • Some northern humanists maintained that the church seemed more interested in income than saving souls • Martin Luther had a major problem with many Church practices • 1521, Pope Leo X declared Luther a heretic and excommunicated him from the Church • Holy Roman Emperor Charles V banned the printing and sale of his works

  3. The Spread of Protestantism • Charles V tried to wage war on Lutherans, but he was too late to wipe them out • The Peace of Augsburg was reached in 1555 • King Henry VIII broke England away from the Catholic Church • Anglicanism paved the way for the Protestant Reformation in England

  4. Calvinism Spreads • John Calvin founded a new Protestant church in Switzerland • Calvinism stressed the importance of predestination • Geneva became a theocracy • By 1600 Calvinist churches were well established in parts of Europe

  5. The Counter Reformation • As Protestantism continued to spread, the Pope finally realized the church needed to change • Pope Paul III worked to make the church more spiritual • The Index of Forbidden Books was established • The Council of Trent acted to define church doctrines

  6. Soldiers of the Counter-Reformation • Ignatius de Loyola founded the Jesuits in 1534 • Jesuits quickly became the most effective agents in spreading Catholicism • Stressed big importance on education • Combined humanist values with Catholic doctrine

  7.  Culture and Daily Life • Europeans in the 1500s were extremely superstitious • Many believed in spirits, demons, and witchcraft • Often, villagers would turn to their priest, or their village elder for advice • Enormous outburst of “witch hunting” occurred in the mid 1500s and lasted over 100 years in Europe

  8. The Spread of Knowledge • The invention of the printing press allowed news, ideas, and thoughts to spread quickly throughout Europe • Broadsides became very popular in villages • Almanacs quickly became best-sellers • As Protestants and Catholics battled for the loyalties of the common people, leaders of both sides encouraged founding schools in towns and villages

  9. Changes in Daily Life • By the end of the 1400s, more and more peasants were becoming legally free • Many saw their standard of living rise • Many peasants decided to migrate to the cities in search of a better life • With this movement along with the Renaissance spirit, the “disenchantment” of the world began

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