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Reaction of Phosphorus with Sodium Hydroxide

Reaction of Phosphorus with Sodium Hydroxide. A gas is generated which undergoes spontaneous combustion in the atmosphere. Demonstration. The reactants were heated together in a Florence flask The phosphine gas bubbled into the water then broke through the surface

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Reaction of Phosphorus with Sodium Hydroxide

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  1. Reaction of Phosphorus with Sodium Hydroxide A gas is generated which undergoes spontaneous combustion in the atmosphere

  2. Demonstration • The reactants were heated together in a Florence flask • The phosphine gas bubbled into the water then broke through the surface • Spontaneous combustion occured when the phosphine emerged into the atmosphere

  3. Purpose • To produce an unfamiliar gas related to other more familiar gases • To observe the unique property of spontaneous combustion of this gas

  4. Concepts 1. Compounds of Non-Metals with Hydrogen 2. Spontaneous Combustion 3. Disproportionation Reactions

  5. 1. Compounds of Non- Metals with Hydrogen • Hydrogen combines with many non-metals to form familiar compounds • BH3 borane, an organic reducing agent • CH4 methane, an organic gas • NH3 ammonia, used as fertilizer • H2O water • H2S hydrogen sulfide, rotten-egg gas

  6. 2. Spontaneous Combustion • Flammable substances are simply those that burn in the presence of oxygen with the evolution of heat • There is enough heat in the surroundings to cause spontaneous combustion of some substances • In this demonstration the highly reactive phosphine gas PH3 is generated

  7. 3. Disproportionation Reactions • A single reactant ends up in more than one product • Disproportionation of white phosphorus 3NaOH + P4 + H2O 3NaH2PO2 + PH3 • In addition to phophine gas, sodium hypophosphite is formed

  8. Conclusions • A disproportionation reaction of phosphorus produced phosphine gas • Phosphine gas underwent spontaneous combustion in the atmosphere • 4PH3 + 8O2 P4O10 + 6H2O + light

  9. Comments • Phosphine is extremely poisonous • Phosphine occurs naturally from the putrefaction of organic matter containing phosphorus • Will-o-the-Wisp (flammable swamp gas) of Robert Burns is phosphine • Traces of P2H4 initiate combustion • PH3 + 8O2 6H2O + P4O10 • This demonstration was first performed in 1859 by Gorup-Besanez

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