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The Nature of Behavior

The Nature of Behavior. Vocabulary . Behavior- A response to a stimulus. Stimulus – An action that causes a change. Response – A reaction to an action. Innate Behavior – A behavior that doesn’t depend on previous experience or environment .

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The Nature of Behavior

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  1. The Nature of Behavior

  2. Vocabulary • Behavior- A response to a stimulus Stimulus – An action that causes a change Response – A reaction to an action

  3. Innate Behavior – A behavior that doesn’t depend on previous experience or environment Fixed Action Behavior – A pattern of innate behavior that is caused by a sensory cue. Learning – Experiences or practice to develop a certain behavior Reasoning – Using facts to draw a conclusion

  4. Examples of Innate Behavior • Monkeys, Apes and Humans – grasping with feet and/or hands

  5. Cats – pouncing and stalking

  6. Fixed Action Pattern • Greylag Goose • Egg is out of the nest – Goose will roll it back, if the egg rolls off the path, the goose will continue the motion until it reaches the nest, then will relocate the egg and start the pattern again.

  7. Continue • Yawning – triggered by others yawning and sometimes triggered by just reading or saying the word “yawn”.

  8. Learned BehaviorHabituation • Learning to ignore unimportant stimulus • Ex. Chimpanzees no longer being afraid of humans after being around them for a long period of time. • Ex. A turtle draws its head back into its shell when its shell is touched. After being touched repeatedly, the turtle realizes it’s not in danger and no longer hides. • Ex. When a couple moves into a new house by some train tracks, they find that the sound of the trains keeps them awake at night. After a while, they become desensitized to the noise and are able to ignore it.

  9. Learned BehaviorProblem Solving • Reasoning • Ex. – Chimpanzee discovers stacking boxes will help reach the banana

  10. Associative Leaning • Classical Conditioning – animals associate unrelated responses with a stimulus • Ex. Pavlov’s Dogs – triggered to salivate at the sound of a bell when associated with food • Ex. The Office – Altoid and the computer rebooting

  11. Associative Learning • Operant Condition – rewards or punishments given to perform or remove a certain behavior • Ex. Rat associated pressing the lever with getting the food reward and would continue the behavior more often • Ex. The Big Bang Theory – Sheldon giving chocolates to Penny to get her to behave appropriately

  12. Sensitive Periods • Imprinting – organisms develop a response to an object only during a brief early period in life • Ex. Geese and ducks will follow the first moving object they see during a period immediately after hatching and will continue to follow it.

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