Bacteria

1. Bacteria

2. Bacteria Classification unicellular prokaryotes 2 Domains • Achaea • Kingdom Archaebacteria (ancient) • found in marshes, swamps, hot sulfur springs, Great Salt Lake, deep ocean vents • Bacteria • Kingdom Eubacteria (true) • found in almost any habitat

3. Bacteria Classification Kingdom Archaebacteria • cell walls without peptidoglycan (carbohydrate) • autotrophic or heterotrophic • live anaerobically • live in harsh environments (great salt lakes, hot springs) • ex: Methanogens (in digestive tract of animals), Halophiles (salt-loving)

4. Bacteria Classification Kingdom Archaebacteria • cell walls without peptidoglycan (carbohydrate)

5. Bacteria Classification Kingdom Archaebacteria • live in harsh environments (great salt lakes, hot springs)

6. Bacteria Classification Kingdom Eubacteria • cell wall contains peptidoglycan (carbohydrate) • autotrophic or heterotrophic • free living (ponds, streams, on dead organisms) or deadly parasites • ex: streptococcus, Escherichia coli, anabaena

7. Bacteria Classification Kingdom Eubacteria • ex: streptococcus, Escherichia coli, anabaena

8. Bacteria Cell structure • cell wall • nucleic acid • capsule • flagella • pili • ribosomes • plasmid

9. Bacteria Cell structure • endospore • tough protein coat formed inside cell; used to survive harsh conditions

10. Bacteria Classifying Bacteria bacteria are classified according to: • shape • arrangement • staining properties

11. Bacteria Classifying Bacteria shape • spherical • coccus/cocci • rod • bacillus/bacilli • spiral • spirillum/spirilli

12. Bacteria Classifying Bacteria arrangement • pairs • diplo… • clusters • staphlo… • chains • strepto…

13. Bacteria Classifying Bacteria arrangement

14. Bacteria Classifying Bacteria staining properties • gram stain negative • thin layer of peptidoglycan • stains pink • gram stain positive • thick layer of peptidoglycan • stains purple

15. Bacteria Life processes nutrition • heterotrophs • parasitic • ex: staphylococcus aureus • saprophytic

16. Bacteria Life processes nutrition • photosynthetic autotrophs • energy from sunlight • ex: anabaena

17. Bacteria Life processes nutrition • chemosynthetic autotrophs • energy from chemicals • ex: Nitrobacteria

18. Bacteria Life processes respiration • obligate aerobes • require O2 to live • ex: tuberculosis • obligate anaerobes • can not live in presence of O2 • ex: botulism • facultative anaerobes • lives with or without O2 • ex: E. Coli

19. Bacteria Life processes reproduction • binary fission • split in two (asexual reproduction)

20. Bacteria Life processes reproduction • conjugation • transfer of genetic material to an acceptor bacterium • sexual reproduction

21. Bacteria Life processes reproduction • spores • buds form and produce new cells • spores can survive a long time before “hatching” Anthrax spores

22. Bacteria Advantages of bacteria • human intestine • food production- • milk, buttermilk, yogurt, sour cream, cheese • ecology • decomposers • nitrogen fixation • producers

23. Bacteria Disadvantages of bacteria diseases

24. Bacteria Disadvantages of bacteria diseases • most bacteria affect host be producing toxins • endotoxin • toxic substance bound to cell wall • exotoxin • secreted substance toxic treatment • antibiotics • medication used to help kill or assist immune system in destruction of bacteria