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Vaccine - Preventable Diseases

Vaccine - Preventable Diseases. 1. Healthy People 2020 goal: Increase immunization rates and reduce preventable infectious diseases. Why We immunize. 2. Health promotion: prevent a disease if it is preventable. Morbidity vs Mortality Protect self Protect others Economics.

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Vaccine - Preventable Diseases

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  1. Vaccine - Preventable Diseases 1 Healthy People 2020 goal: • Increase immunization rates and reduce preventable infectious diseases.

  2. Why We immunize 2 • Health promotion: prevent a disease if it is preventable. • Morbidity vs Mortality • Protect self • Protect others • Economics

  3. Immunizations: Contraindications 3 • Anaphylactic reaction to previous vaccine • IPV: anaphylactic reaction to neomycin or streptomycin • MMR & Varicella • Immunocompromised • allergy gelatin, neomycin • Pregnancy • active Tb

  4. Barriers to Immunization 4 • Complexity of the health care system • Expense • Parental misconceptions • Personal beliefs • Inaccurate record-keeping • Reluctance of health care workers to give > 2 vaccines at a time • Lack of public awareness

  5. Complications of Common Infectious Diseases (viral) 5 • Measles • Rubella, Fifth disease (parvovirus B19) • Roseola Infantum (HHV-6) • Mumps • Varicella • Pneumonia, otitis media, encephalitis • transmission to pregnant women • febrile seizures • aseptic meningitis, orchitis, deafness • secondary infection skin lesions; CNS, Reyes syndrome

  6. Complications of Common Infectious Diseases (bacterial) 6 • Pertussis • Diptheria • Hep B • Hib (Haemophilus Influenzae) • Pneumonia • Airway obstruction, myocarditis, neuritis • Liver cirrhosis, CA • Meningitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, septic arthritis, sepsis

  7. Immunization Schedule 7 • 2, 4, 6, (15) months • Hep B, DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV • MMR, Varicella: after 12 mo** • NEW! Tdap 7th-12th grade • If miss one, do not need to start over • www.cdc.gov/nip

  8. Biological Terrorism 8

  9. Infectious Diseases 9 • Primary prevention as intervention • Many diseases are vaccine-preventable • Secondary Intervention: treat symptoms • Rash • Fever • Itching • Secondary infection-try to prevent • Tertiary Intervention

  10. Nursing Care 10 • Risk for [spread of] infection • Ineffective Health Maintenance • Risk for ineffective thermoregulation • Fatigue r/t fever, discomfort • Social isolation r/t confinement

  11. Impetigo

  12. Impetigo - Interventions 12 • Soak crusts in warm water • Gently cleans w/antibacterial soap • Do not pick at lesions • Child & caregiver: handwashing • Fingernails short & clean • Topical antibiotic ointment • Communicable up to 48 hours after antibiotic treatment begun.

  13. Cellulitis 13 • Inflammation of skin, SQ tissues • Local area is red, hot, swollen & painful • Regional lymph nodes often involved • Systemic effects: fever, chills, confusion, malaise

  14. Cellulitis: risk for spread of infection 14 • Sepsis • Septic arthritis • Meningitis • Brain abscess • Blindness

  15. Interventions: Cellulitis 15 • Antibiotics • if hospitalized, IV • Entire course • Monitor temp • Warm compresses • Elevate affected limb • Bed rest - acute phase

  16. Skin Disorders: other causes 16 • Viral & Fungal • Contact • insect & animal contact

  17. Pubic lice with nits 17

  18. Common Nursing Diagnosesr/t integumentary alterations 18 • Pain, acute r/t • Pruritis r/t reaction to irritants secondary to… • Impaired skin integrity r/t inflammation & scratching of lesions • Risk for secondary infection r/t altered skin integrity; scratching • Knowledge deficit regarding cause, treatment, spread of infection r/t lack of information.

  19. Nursing Diagnoses: cont. 19 • Risk for fluid volume deficit or nutritional deficit if lesions on mouth, tongue, etc. • Body image disturbance r/t altered appearance • Fatigue r/t fever • Social isolation

  20. Hyperthermia vs Fever 20 • Fever: results from an insult or disease that resets the body’s “set point”. • Hyperthermia: high body temperature

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