MIT-Harvard Conference Explorations in Cyber International Relations ( ECIR )

1. MIT-Harvard Conference Explorations in Cyber International Relations (ECIR) Introduction to the ECIR Initiative Nazli Choucri Professor of Political Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology This work is funded by the Office of Naval Research under award number N00014091059. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this email are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Office of Naval Research.  OSD Minerva Research Project at MIT & Harvard Explorations in Cyber International Relations

2. The ECIR Project Team Nazli Choucri (PI), David D. Clark, Roger Hurwitz, Daniel Goldsmith, Stuart Madnick, John C. Mallery, Silvio Micali, Cindy Williams Michael Siegel, Patrick H. Winston Massachusetts Institute of Technology Venkatesh Narayanamurti (PI), Jack Goldsmith, Joseph S. Nye Jr. Harvard University* • Former Harvard team members include Melissa Hathaway, • Luis Ortega, Stonybrook, participated early on as well. OSD Minerva Research Project at MIT & Harvard Explorations in Cyber International Relations

3. The Problem • Cyberspace is a new and critical feature of current • realities worldwide – for which there are no precedents • For the first time in human history advances in • communication technology are potentially to everyone, • everywhere • International relations theory, analysis, policy, and • strategy do not - and cannot as yet – respond well to • the cyber realities • Traditional tools of diplomacy, use of force, and other • conventional measures do not “fit” cyber venues

4. Internet Participation 4 OSD Minerva Research Project at Harvard & MIT Explorations in Cyber International Relations

5. Cyber Challenges to Theory & Policy • Cyberspace alters traditional realities & approaches • in international relations with respect to: • Time Replaces conventional time with near-instantaneity • Space Transcends constraints of geography & physicality • PermeationPenetrates boundaries & jurisdictions • Fluidity Sustains persistent shifts & reconfigurations • Participation Reduces barriers to political expression & action • Attribution Obscures identity of actor & links to action • Accountability Bypasses mechanisms of responsibility Social science assumptions, theories, methods, and tools are not designed for such “reality” 5 OSD Minerva Research Project at Harvard & MIT Explorations in Cyber International Relations

6. The ECIR Vision • To create a knowledge domain of cyber international relations that is multidisciplinary, theory-driven, technically & empirically anchored such that it: • Highlights alternative perspectives, policies, institutional requirements • Clarifies threats and opportunities in cyberspace for national security, welfare, and influence; • Provides analytical tools for understanding and managing “real” and cyber transformation and change; and • Attracts and educates a new generation of researchers, scholars, and analysts. • A related objective is to provide the U.S. government with useful tools and insights into the emergent complexity of the new realities. OSD Minerva Research Project at Harvard & MIT Explorations in Cyber International Relations

7. A Multi-Disciplinary Strategy Mapping IR Domain • Research Examples • Clarify data-concepts links • Track data reporting conventions • Identify Institutional modes of coordination • Develop resilient design mechanism • Research Examples • Hierarchical (layer) representation of • the cyber domain • Ontology for developing cyber-real • International relations theory • Exploring influence patterns • Case studies of influence & action Real & Cyber Data Development Policy Analysis & Empirical & Simulation Modeling investigations • Research Examples • Tools for data integration and analysis • Compilation of cyber-data including • CERT data • Collection of Cyber attribute data • International Comparisons of • Cyber Capabilities • Research Examples • Simulation models for policy analysis • to help maximize resource effectiveness • Range of policy “briefings” on emerging • challenges & new issues topics • Artificial intelligence applications for • rapid understanding of emerging conflicts 7 OSD Minerva Research Project at Harvard & MIT Explorations in Cyber International Relations

8. Project Research Core Themes & Integration Tasks Conflict Cooperation • Cyber Contentions • Cyber Security • Cyber Threats & Vulnerability • Militarization of Cyberspace • Cyber Warfare • Resilient Design Mechanisms • Global Cyber Norms • Institutional Cyber Supports • Global Civil-Cyber Society • Global Agenda – Cyberspace • & Sustainability 8 OSD Minerva Research Project at Harvard & MIT Explorations in Cyber International Relations

9. Research • Fifteen researchers explore theory, data, methodology, simulation • and policy analysis • Multi-disciplinary research teams • New Research Methods • Pulling the Pieces Together - Linkage Strategies • Working Paper Series & Publications • Education & Training • Four New Graduate Courses • New Teaching Tools • Internships & Post-Docs • Student theses • Outreach • First Conference on “CyberPolitics in International Relations” – • October 14, 2010 • Two Regular Seminar series – at Harvard and at MIT Current Activities & Products http://web.mit.edu/ecir/home.html 9 OSD Minerva Research Project at Harvard & MIT Explorations in Cyber International Relations

10. Goals for Today • Provide an overview of ECIR Research • Clarify Threats and opportunities in Cyberspace • Highlight best uses of 20th C. international relations • theory for analysis of 21st C. cyber realities • Encourage broader communication & collaborations 10 OSD Minerva Research Project at Harvard & MIT Explorations in Cyber International Relations