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Body Language and U. S. Presidential Elections J. J. Tecce Boston College

Body Language and U. S. Presidential Elections J. J. Tecce Boston College. Social Science Librarians Boot Camp. Tufts University June 1, 2012. tecce@bc.edu. PPT Slides Elections Report. Outline. I. Body Language: Unspoken Communication A. What is body language?

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Body Language and U. S. Presidential Elections J. J. Tecce Boston College

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  1. Body Language and U. S. Presidential ElectionsJ. J. TecceBoston College Social Science Librarians Boot Camp Tufts University June 1, 2012

  2. tecce@bc.edu PPT Slides Elections Report

  3. Outline • I. Body Language: Unspoken Communication • A. What is body language? • B. Why do we need body language? • II. Functions of Body Language • A. Indicator of thoughts and feelings • B. Social Cue • III. Eye Movements • A. Eyeblinks • B. Gaze aversion • IV. U. S. Presidential Elections • V. Demonstration DVD • VI. Summary and Conclusions 

  4. Body Language Communication without words

  5. Two Functions ofBody Language Indicator Social Cue 

  6. Words are not enough in communication.

  7. Words can be weak and need enrichment.

  8. Words can be misleading (lying) and need correction.

  9. BODY INDICATORS posture self-touching body movements smiles eye movements

  10. Extremes in body language are red flags.

  11. Body Language of Eye Movements

  12. A little philosophy

  13. When the eyes say one thing and the tongue another, the practiced person relies on the language of the first. Ralph Waldo Emerson 1803-1882

  14. A little science

  15. Negative Hedonia and Increased Blink Rate VariablesExamples Stress Probing interview, failure, discussion of illness, embarrassment, listening to a tragic story, noise Effort Induced muscle tension Fatigue Time on task, tryptophan Pain Electric shock

  16. Positive Hedonia and Decreased Blink Rate VariablesExamples Relaxation Post-hypnosis, self-initiated thoughts, daydreaming, meditative trance Pleasure Methadone Contentment Discussion of positive feelings (towards spouse) Achievement Feeling of achievement in learning

  17. Summary of Research: Blink Rate and Hedonia VariableBlink Rate Negative Hedonia Increase Positive Hedonia Decrease

  18. Blink-Hedonia Hypothesis Eyeblink frequency is increased by unpleasant feelings and is decreased by pleasant feelings.

  19. Eye Movements Indicators of stress

  20. Eye Movements Eyeblinks Gaze avoidance

  21. Blink Rates and Stress Levels While Talking on Camera • Stress Level Rate (bpm) • Low 10 - 30 • Moderate 31 - 50 • High 51 - 70 • Very High 71 - 100

  22. Blink RatesU.S. Presidential Election 2008 • Blink Rate • McCain 104 Obama 62

  23. Number of BlinksU.S. Presidential Election 2008 • Blinks • McCain 10,037 Obama 6,244

  24. Video 1 Barack Obama John McCain Mitt Romney

  25. U. S. Presidential Candidates 2008 • Blink Rate • McCain 140 Obama 60 • Romney 16

  26. Blink Frequency and • U. S. Presidential Elections • Year Faster BlinkerLoser • 1960 Nixon Nixon • 1980 Carter Carter • 1984 Mondale Mondale • 1988 Dukakis Dukakis • 1992 Bush Bush • 1996 Dole Dole 2000 Bush Gore 2004 Kerry Kerry 2008 McCain McCain

  27. ConclusionBlink frequency is an accurate predictor of U. S. Presidential election outcomes.

  28. Social Cue HypothesisIn social situations, blinking can influence how one person views the other.

  29. Gaze Aversion LIAR Clemens 18 Obama 16 (1,630)

  30. Video 2 Roger Clemens

  31. Conclusions • Blink frequency is increased by negative hedonic states and is decreased by positive hedonic states. • The blink-hedonia hypothesis best explains research findings on blinking and psychological functions.

  32. Q & A

  33. Eyeblink Rates and Levels of Stress J. J. Tecce February 5, 1996 Talking On Camera Stress Level Blink Rate* No No Low 15 - 20 Yes No Low-Moderate 21 - 30 Yes Yes Moderate-High 31 - 50 Yes Yes High 51 - 70 Yes Yes Very High 71 – 140 * Numerical values represent blinks per minute. According to the hedonia hypothesis, higher blink rates reflect negative feelings, such as those that occur during greater mental effort (as in talking) or during stress (as in talking to a large audience, being on camera, or being asked an anxiety-producing question) (Tecce, 1992, McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology).

  34. No Lying Yes Active Inactive Body Language

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