GI Tract Presentation

1. GI Tract Presentation Josh v.d. Kroft, Gabby Arancio, Taylor Hopwood, Stevi Juall

2. Celiac Disease • An autoimmune disorder that prevents gluten and other nutrients from being absorbed • Causes diarrhoea and general discomfort when bread and other gluten-containing foods are eaten

3. Destroys body tissue–intestines

4. Diagnosis • Not usually obvious at first • Diagnosed when symptoms appear • loose stool • weight loss • fatigue • anemia

5. Appendicitis • Inflammation of the Appendix caused by obstruction of the Appendix lumen • Classified as a medical emergency

6. Diagnosis • Based on symptoms and physical signs • abdominal pain • nausea • vomiting • fever • May require ultrasound

7. Treatment Surgical -Usually laparoscopic

8. Treatment Pain • Medications are administered

9. Peptic Ulcers A peptic ulcer is an open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum. Peptic ulcers occur when acids that help you digest food damage the walls of these two body parts. Also, they can less commonly occur in the esophagus.

13. Etiologies • H.pylori The Helicobacter pylori bacteria is a germ that causes infection. The bacteria is suspected to be spread through mouth to mouth contact due to consumption of unclean food and water. Past stuies show that the H.pylori bacteria was found in 80% of patients with gastric and duodenum ulcers.

14. Etiologies (cont) • NSAIDS Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as aspirin and ibuprofen, are a common cause of ulcers. Most common in people who have taken them for a long time.

16. Symptoms Dull, burning pain in the stomach Can be felt anywhere between the breastbone and bellybutton. Pain can start between meals or at night, can come and go for weeks and last from minutes to several hours.

17. Symptoms Cont. Seek Immediate Help if: 1. Stool is bloody or black 2. Sudden, sharp pain won’t go away 3. Bloody vomit or vomit that looks like coffee grinds These are signs that the ulcer has broken a blood vessel, perforated a stomach wall/duodenal wall, or stopped the movement of food.

18. Treatment "Triple Theory" Usually this procedure is effective in one week of treatment 80% of the time. Consists of a 7-day course of treatment involving the use of two antibiotics and a full-dose proton pump inhibitor. (PPI- a medicine that reduces acid production) Emergency surgery for extreme and necessary cases is also a method of treatment.

19. DIAGNOSIS: To see if H.pylori infection is present, doctors test stool, breath, or blood. They may also look into the stomach by performing an endoscopy (type of x-ray that examines the GI system, tube with light attached to it).

21. The Processes & Parts of the GI (Digestive) System Ingestion (Mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus) • The teeth grind up food in the mouth with the help of saliva • Saliva is produced by the salivary glands to moisten and break down food and eventually provide lubrication for the pharynx to swallow the food through the esophagus • The food consumed travels down until it reaches the stomach

22. Absorption (Stomach, small intestine, large intestine) • The stomach’s lining has millions of gastric glands that secrete gastric juices every time a person eats • These juices breakdown the food ion the stomach and pass it along • Once the contents in the stomach are liquefied, they travel into the first part of the small intestine (the duodenum)

23. The duodenum is where most vitamins and minerals are extracted and absorbed • The two passages that enter the duodenum are • The one draining the gall bladder and secreting bile (yellow, greenish liquid that helps digest foods) from the liver • The one draining the pancreas

24. Crohn’s Disease

25. What is it? • Chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. • NOT the same as ulcerative colitis • Usually affects the end of the small intestineand the beginning of the colon, BUT is not solely restricted to those parts. It can affect any part of the digestive tract.

26. What are the Symptoms? Specific: • Persistent Diarrhea • Rectal Bleeding • Frequent need to move bowels • Abdominal cramps/pain • Sensation of incomplete evacuation • Constipation • Mouth ulcers • Swollen gums • Eye inflammation General: • Fever • Loss of appetite • Weight loss • Fatigue • Night sweats • Loss of menstrual cycle • Joint pain

27. What are some complications? • Abscess • Bowel obstructions • Erythema nodosum • Swelling of joints • Lesions in eye • Nutritional deficiency • Pyoderma gangrenosum

28. How does this happen? • Not yet completely understood • Hereditary/genetic influence • Immune system attacks own healthy tissue • Can occur at any age. Most cases are between 15-35 years old • Those with Crohn’s are at higher risk for colon cancer

29. What can be done to treat it? • No known cure • Healthy diet • Fiber supplements • NO aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen • Biologic therapy: Infliximab and adalimumab used for severe cases • Surgery to remove damaged/diseased part(s) of intestines: • Ileostomy • Small/large bowel resection • Total abdominal colectomy • Total protocolectomy with ileostomy Total protocolectomy using pull-through technique