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Ágnes Gallé Department of Plant Biology University of Szeged

Two countries, one goal, joint success!. Antioxidant activities and reactive oxygen species in flag leaves of Fusarium -inoculated wheat genotypes Sze ged – Ti mişoara axis for the sa fe food and feed SZETISA1 HURO/0901/147/2.2.2. Reporting period : 01.06. 2011 – 30.09. 2011. Ágnes Gallé

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Ágnes Gallé Department of Plant Biology University of Szeged

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  1. Two countries, one goal, joint success! Antioxidant activities and reactive oxygen species in flag leaves of Fusarium-inoculated wheat genotypesSzeged – Timişoara axis for the safe food and feedSZETISA1HURO/0901/147/2.2.2 Reportingperiod: 01.06. 2011 – 30.09. 2011 Ágnes Gallé Department of Plant Biology University of Szeged DisclaimerThe content of this page does not necessarily represent the official position of the European Union. www.huro-cbc.eu www.hungary-romania-cbc.eu 2nd Progress Report Meeting Szeged, 22-23 September, 2011

  2. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important disease ofwheat and has worldwide distribution, which results inyield loss and mycotoxin contamination of grain whenthe disease is caused by a mycotoxin-producing Fusariumspecies. Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorumare the Fusarium species that most commonly causeFHB of wheat and both can produce trichothecenemycotoxins, predominantly deoxynivalenol (DON,also known as vomitoxin), zearalenone, nivalenol, dideoxynivalenol,3-acetyldeoxynivalenol Fusarium culmorum Fusarium graminearum

  3. Vomitoxin, also known as deoxynivalenol (DON), is a type B trichothecene, an epoxy-sesquiterpeoid. When compared to other trichothecene mycotoxins which can form in grains and forages, vomitoxin is relatively mild. Vomitoxin belongs to a class of mycotoxins which are strong protein inhibitors. Inhibition of protein synthesis following exposure to vomitoxin causes the brain to increase its uptake of the amino acid tryptophan and, in turn, its synthesis of serotonin. Increased levels of serotonin are believed to be responsible for the anorexic effects of DON and other tricothecenes. Irritation of the gastrointestinal tract may also play a role in reducing feed intake.

  4. Zearalenone is also a trichothecene mycotoxin, and has estrogen effect, and can cause inflame in the uterus in swine. Nivalenol was shown to inhibit protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes in vitro, with an ID50 of2.5 mg/ml, probably by impairment of the ribosomal function. Nivalenol inhibited the synthesis of nucleic acids in vitro (Ueno and Fukushima, 1968). Thisresponse appeared at doses much higher than the inhibition of protein synthesis. Themechanism of nucleic acid inhibition is not known.

  5. Plant material GK Mini Manó/Nobeokabozu genetic mapping population (Prof. Mesterházy Ákos ) GK Mini Manó Arthur 71 / Sava // Rusalka / NS 171.2 /3/ F 30.74 Nobeokabozu: FHB resistant line A recombinant line from China: ‘WSY’, Wangshubai/Sumai3/Yangangfanzhou Resistant line to e.g. leaf rust inoculation anthesis SAMPLING Premilk stage Milk stage Dough stage Before inoculation sampling (ROS and total antioxidant capacity)

  6. Enzymatic antioxidants

  7. Peroxidases (POX; EC 1.11.1.7) are oxido-reductive enzymes that participate in the wall-building processes such as oxidation of phenols, suberization, and lignification of host plant cells during the defense reaction against pathogenic agents. Accumulation of lignin and phenolic compounds have been correlated with disease resistance in a number of plant–pathogen interactions. These include wheat, tomatoand rice. Enhanced POX activity has been correlated with resistance in rice, wheat, barley and sugarcane following the inoculation with phytopathogens. POX activity was rather delayed or remained unchanged during the compatible interaction in susceptible plants. .

  8. Peroxidase specific activity in heads of wheat cultivars. C,non-inoculated control; I, inoculated plants. (F. graminearum)

  9. Some protein families(examples) which were induced during Fusarium infection: Zhou et al 2005 • Proteins with an antioxidant function: superoxide dismutase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) • Expression of proteins with highest similarity to dehydroascorbate reductase and TaGSTF5 (a glutathione S-transferase) differed following FHB infection in susceptible and resistant cultivars.

  10. FUSARIUM CULMORUM

  11. FUSARIUM GRAMINEARUM

  12. ! ! CONTROL

  13. Conclusions: The Fusarium inoculation on the ear influenced the hole antioxidant system in the flag leaves of wheat in dough stage! There were differences between the resistant and the sensitive cultivars in POD activity inductions. BUT according our measurements differences were detecable in control circumstances. And the amount of ROS, antioxidant capacity and the GST activity correlated with the resistance.

  14. Thank you for your attention!

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