Chapter 20 Review

1. Chapter 20 Review Mountain Building

2. Which section of the diagram best represents the most common elevation range of areas that are above sea level? • A • B • C • D

3. Which factor would be most useful in predicting the amount of mantle a certain volume of crust will displace? • temperature of the mantle • density of the crust • chemical composition of the mantle • temperature of the crust

4. Which lists the types of convergent boundaries in order, from those that produce the smallest mountain belts to those that produce the largest mountain belts? • oceanic-oceanic; oceanic-continental; continental-continental • oceanic-continental; oceanic-oceanic; continental-continental • continental-continental; oceanic-continental; oceanic-oceanic • oceanic-oceanic; continental-continental; oceanic-continental

5. At time interval A on the timeline, ancestral North America separated from Ancestral Africa along two divergent boundaries. This was the beginning of which process? • formation of the Appalachian Mountains • formation of the Himalayas • formation of the Lesser Antilles • formation of the Adirondack Mountains

6. Which label best summarizes the trend represented by the arrow in the diagram? • increasing temperature • decreasing density • decreasing age • increasing density

7. The Lesser Antilles and the Appalachian Mountains are similar in that they were both formed . • by convergence • by faulting • by volcanoes • by oceanic plate movement

8. Which lists Earth materials in order of increasing density? • oceanic crust, continental crust, mantle • mantle, oceanic crust, continental crust • continental crust, oceanic crust, mantle • continental crust, mantle, oceanic crust

9. What is the difference between the average depth of the ocean and the average elevation of exposed land, as shown on the diagram? • 841 m • 3024 m • 3865 m • 4706 m

10. Subduction zones form at • only oceanic-oceanic boundaries • only oceanic-continental boundaries • both oceanic-oceanic boundaries and oceanic-continental boundaries • neither oceanic-oceanic boundaries or oceanic continental boundaries

11. A good model for isostasy is • a collision between two cars • the water line of a boat when someone boards or leaves it • scraping food off a plate • stretching a cracked, old rubber band

12. In the process of isostatic rebound, mountains are eroded over hundreds of millions of years, while the crust below them • rises • sinks • splits to form a rift • converges at a boundary

13. After millions of years of erosion, the Appalachian Mountains still exist because of • continental drift • orogeny • erosion • isostatic rebound

14. Uplifted mountains • form when a large region of Earth’s crust rises up as a unit • have rocks that are not very deformed • are the result of erosional forces • all of the above

15. Fault-block mountains • form when two continental plates collide • form above a subduction zone • form when a large pieces of crust are dropped between large faults • all of the above

16. The Himalayas formed as the result of • hot spot volcanism • divergence on the ocean floor • continental-continental convergence • oceanic-oceanic convergence

17. At this type of boundary, a warming lithosphere bulges upward and is higher than the surrounding oceanic crust. • divergent boundaries • Europe • Pangaea • hot spots

18. The volcanic peaks of Hawaii formed as a result of these. • divergent boundaries • Europe • Pangaea • hot spots

19. Ancestral North America and ancestral Africa collided to form this supercontinent. • divergent boundaries • Europe • Pangaea • hot spots

20. Some of the rocks and geologic structures in this region are like those in the Appalachian Mountains. • divergent boundaries • Europe • Pangaea • hot spots

21. Mountains that form when large pieces of crust are tilted, uplifted, or dropped between large faults • fault-block mountains • isostatic rebound • orogeny • pillow basalts • isostasy • uplifted mountains

22. Billowy rocks that form when lava erupts onto the seafloor • fault-block mountains • isostatic rebound • orogeny • pillow basalts • isostasy • uplifted mountains

23. Cycle of processes that form mountain ranges • fault-block mountains • isostatic rebound • orogeny • pillow basalts • isostasy • uplifted mountains

24. Slow process of the crust’s rising after overlying material is removed • fault-block mountains • isostatic rebound • orogeny • pillow basalts • isostasy • uplifted mountains

25. Condition of equilibrium whereby Earth’s crust is balanced by the upward force of buoyancy and the downward force of gravity • fault-block mountains • isostatic rebound • orogeny • pillow basalts • isostasy • uplifted mountains

26. Mountains that form when large regions of Earth experience upward movement • fault-block mountains • isostatic rebound • orogeny • pillow basalts • isostasy • uplifted mountains

27. There are three dominant ranges of elevations on Earth. • True • False

28. Isostasy is an equilibrium between gravitational force and buoyant force. • True • False

29. Granite batholiths are associated with continental-continental plate boundaries. • True • False

30. The Himalayas are older than the Appalachian Mountains. • True • False

31. Ocean ridges form at convergent plate boundaries. • True • False

32. The Adirondack Mountains are classified as uplifted mountains. • True • False

33. Orogeny is a term that refers to all processes that form Earth’s crust. • True • False

34. The shaded area of this graph correctly shows the percentage of Earth’s surface that is below sea level. • True • False

35. The mantle has a greater density than continental crust. • True • False

36. The Grand Tetons are classified as fault block mountains. • True • False

37. Most of Earth's surface is above sea level. • True • False

38. Continental crust, because it is denser than oceanic crust, rises higher above Earth’s surface. • True • False

39. The volcanoes of an island arc complex form as a result of a(n) oceanic-continental convergence. • True • False

40. Uplifted mountains are regions of broad uplift that seem to be related to rising convection cells in the mantle. • True • False

41. About 70 percent of Earth’s surface is below sea level. • True • False

42. The seafloor displaces more of the mantle than the same thickness of the continental crust. • True • False

43. Isostasy between Earth’s mantle and crust exists when the mass of crust is rising as a result of buoyancy and gravity. • True • False

44. Mt. Everest is the tallest mountain on Earth, so it probably has the deepest root. • True • False

45. When mountains erode, their roots increase in size. • True • False

46. The Appalachian Mountains are an example of divergent-boundary mountains. • True • False

47. The Adirondack Mountains, which are made of rocks that show little deformation, are uplifted mountains. • True • False

48. Oceanic crust is composed mainly of basalt, and continental crust is composed mainly of granite. • True • False

49. Individual volcanic mountains on the ocean floor are called plates. • True • False

50. The tallest orogenic belts are found at continental-continental convergent boundaries. • True • False