CHAPTER 20 TEST REVIEW

1. CHAPTER 20 TEST REVIEW SALUTE!

2. What was one result of the loss of native lives to disease? • a. the ruin of several tobacco and sugar cane plantations • b. a growing tolerance between the colonists and the natives • c. fewer battles between the colonists and natives over land • d. a severe shortage of labor in the colonies • d. a severe shortage of labor in the colonies

3. Why did the English want to take control of New Netherland? • a. As they pushed west into the continent, they collided with New Netherland. • b. The Dutch and the English were longtime enemies. • c. New Netherland separated England’s northern and southern colonies. • d. The English wanted to take control of the fur trade and the Hudson Bay. • c. New Netherland separated England’s northern and southern colonies.

4. On what assumption was the encomiendasystem based? • a. that Europeans had the right to demand labor from Native Americans • b. that exposure to European culture would help educate Native Americans • c. that living on Spanish plantations would convert Native Americans to Christianity • d. that mestizos had more rights than full-blooded Native Americans • a. that Europeans had the right to demand labor from Native Americans

5. Which of the following did NOT aid the Spanish in conquering the Aztecs? • a. disease • b. larger forces • c. native enemies • d. superior weapons • b. larger forces

6. What helped to increase the slave trade in Africa during the seventh century? • a. the crusades and holy wars • b. the spread of Islam into Africa • c. an increase in trade between Europe and Asia • d. the establishment of trade networks between Africa and Portugal • b. the spread of Islam into Africa

7. Which of the following areas was originally founded as a settlement by the Dutch? • a. Quebec • b. Montreal • c. New York • d. Massachusetts • c. New York

8. As part of the Columbian Exchange, which of the following was carried west across the Atlantic? • a. livestock • b. tobacco • c. potatoes • d. tomatoes • a. livestock

9. Which European country was the first to import enslaved Africans to the Americas? • a. the Netherlands • b. France • c. England • d. Spain • d. Spain

10. What prompted a wave of new businesses and trade practices in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries? • a. the global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during colonization • b. new wealth from the Americas and the growth in overseas trade • c. people pooling their wealth for a common purpose • d. European countries becoming able to sell more goods than they bought • b. new wealth from the Americas and the growth in overseas trade

11. What did the encomiendasystem provide for New Spain? • a. more land • b. more settlers • c. military protection • d. a cheap labor source • d. a cheap labor source

12. Where in the Americas did Christopher Columbus land first? • a. an island in the Caribbean Sea • b. the southern tip of South America • c. the coast of what is today Panama • d. the eastern coast of North America • a. an island in the Caribbean Sea

13. What was the purpose of most of the joint-stock companies of the 1500s and 1600s? • a. financing wars in Africa • b. funding colonies in the Americas • c. paying for the building of slave ships • d. funding the digging of gold mines • b. funding colonies in the Americas

14. Why did Europeans see Africans as a better a source of labor than Native Americans? • a. Africans had complete immunity to all diseases, so they wouldn’t die off. • b. Africans had no experience in farming, so they wouldn’t try to do things • their way. • c. Africans were strangers in the Americas, so they wouldn’t have allies or places to hide. • d. Africans were already Christians, so they didn’t have to be converted. • c. Africans were strangers in the Americas, so they wouldn’t have allies or places to hide.

15. Who conquered the Aztec empire? • a. Hernando Cortés • b. Francisco Pizarro • c. Ferdinand Magellan • d. Vasco Núñez de Balboa • a. Hernando Cortés

16. What was the main economic activity in New France? • a. finding gold and spices • b. building a fur trade • c. finding religious freedom • d. creating long-term colonial investments • b. building a fur trade

17. How did slavery in African and Muslim societies differ from slavery in the Americas? • a. People in African and Muslim societies could not escape their slavery. • b. Slavery in the Americas was based on race and heredity. • c. Enslaved people in African and Muslim societies could not rise socially. • d. The slavery in Africa and Muslim societies was based primarily on race. • b. Slavery in the Americas was based on race and heredity.

18. What was one effect in Europe of the financial success of American colonies? • a. The prices of goods steadily increased. • b. The prices of goods steadily decreased. • c. The supply of goods increased to meet demand. • d. Both the prices and supply of goods steadily increased. • a. The prices of goods steadily increased.

19. How did Bartolemé de Las Casas affect race relations in the Americas? • a. He urged better treatment of Native Americans but proposed using African laborers. • b. He led a well-organized uprising against the Spanish to protest the • treatment of Native Americans. • c. He started a colony in present-day Arizona based on equality of all men. • d. He visited the king of Spain to protest the treatment of Native Americans. • a. He urged better treatment of Native Americans but proposed using African laborers.

20. According to the policy of mercantilism, how could a nation increase its wealth? • a. It should center its wealth and power in its government. • b. It should spread its wealth and power among private individuals. • c. It should sell more goods than it buys from other countries. • d. It should buy more goods than it sells to other countries. • c. It should sell more goods than it buys from other countries.

21. How was Africa affected by the Atlantic slave trade? • a. Many cultures lost their fittest members, and families were torn apart. • b. All African countries prospered and grew to be world powers. • c. Kings were able to stop rebellions with the firearms they received in trade. • d. African empires became safer because they traded away their criminals. • a. Many cultures lost their fittest members, and families were torn apart.

22. TEST ESSAY TOPICS • The St. Lawrence Waterway • The African slave trade: causes, contributors, impact on population and culture • Competing claims in North America