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The self. History of self research . Festinger’s social comparison theory (1957) Mini-theory criticism. What is a self?. Escape from self Self perception theory and overjustification Self-enhancement vs. verification vs. consistency Self-deception
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History of self research • Festinger’s social comparison theory (1957) • Mini-theory criticism
What is a self? • Escape from self • Self perception theory and overjustification • Self-enhancement vs. verification vs. consistency • Self-deception • What is self-esteem and why do we have it? • How do low and high SE people differ? • Sociometer • Terror management theory
Self-handicapping • Self evaluation maintenance theory (Tesser, 1988) • Reflect vs. compare • Closeness, relevance, performance • Dual process theories • Promotion vs. prevention focus • Ego depletion and glucose
Narcissism • History of narcissism research • Programs to increase self-esteem • Hollow self-esteem • Narcissistic Personality Inventory • http://psychcentral.com/quizzes/narcissistic.htm • Authority, self-sufficiency, superiority, exhibitionism, exploitativeness, vanity, entitlement
3 parts • Positive self • Relative lack of interest in types of interpersonal rels • Self-regulatory strategies
Extended agency model • System of • Agentic personality • Skills like confidence • Self-regulation like self-serving bias • Interpersonal strategies like self-promotion • System makes you feel good (narc self-esteem) • No overarching goal
Has narcissism increased? (And if so, what are implications?) • How does it develop? • How does it differ from NPD? • Is it good or bad? • Do they really have low self-esteem? • What about cultural and gender differences? • Is it changeable? Should we try to change it?
What are strategies N would use? • Why agentic and not communal traits? • How does it affect relationships?
Terror management theory • www.flightfromdeath.com • Existential psychodynamic theory • Basic tenents? • Mortality salience hypothesis • Anxiety buffering hypothesis • Evolutionary theory • MS manipulations • What is role of the delay? • DTA measures—what effects would they have • Measuring it changing it (gergen) • Self-report vs. indirect and types of indirect
Does it matter that most of this research is with college students in the West? • What things affect whether MS leads to DTA? • What things directly affect DTA? • What are some examples of how MS and DTA affect us? • Where do our cultural worldviews come from?
How would TMT explain • Phobias • Disgust with body functions • People doing unhealthy things to fit in (smoking) • Why women, not men, wear makeup • Creativity • Increases in birth rates after wars • Bush’s positivity ratings after 9/11 • Judgments of those who do immoral things even though they don’t affect us (e.g., cheating on spouse)