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Dr. Frederick Banting & Charles Best. 1921 – discovered insulin using dogs 1922 – 14-yr-old boy with diabetes, near death, first person to receive insulin 1923 – Nobel prize. Laminitis – Nutritional Management. Pasture water-soluble CHO Glucose, fructose, sucrose, fructans
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Dr. Frederick Banting & Charles Best • 1921 – discovered insulin using dogs • 1922 – 14-yr-old boy with diabetes, near death, first person to receive insulin • 1923 – Nobel prize
Laminitis – Nutritional Management • Pasture water-soluble CHO • Glucose, fructose, sucrose, fructans • May cause laminitis • Fructans suggested to disturb normal fermentation in hindgut • But, no direct link between laminitis & specific pasture CHO
Fructans • Polymer of fructose molecules • 3 types: inulin, levan, mixed • Storage CHO in grasses (C3) • Tall fescue, crested wheatgrass, timothy, orchardgrass, bluegrass, bromegrass, wheat, oats, barley
Fructans • Stem base, lower stem, rhizomes • Allow grasses to be tolerant to freezing
Fructans • Not digested in equine small intestine • Pass into hindgut • Fermented by microbes (Gram +) • Factor(s) released that trigger laminitis????
Laminitis – “Grass Founder” • Limited info on how much water-soluble CHO would cause problems • Environmental conditions affect amount in forage • Highest – spring, lowest – summer, intermediate – fall
Laminitis – “Grass Founder” • Fructans increase when: • Bright sunshine during day, with cool nights • Coincides with increased incidence of grass founder
Laminitis – “Grass Founder” • Diurnal variation • Rise in am, peak in afternoon, decline overnight • Grazing in afternoon compared to am or night – consume more (2-4 x) water-soluble CHO