Unit One Food

1. Unit One Food

2. Part I Preparation

3. 1. Check Your Vocabulary • Food

4. Drink mineral water, Pepsi, tea, coffee, orange juice, Coke, Sprite, lemon juice, lemonade, beer, white wine, red wine, champagne, cocktail, liqueur, vodka, whisky, brandy.

5. Comparing DietsAdditional words for reference Nutrition, to chew, to swallow, to nibble, to peck, appetite, overfeeding, gluttony, greed, diet Sample. Step One • This is not a healthy diet. First, he eats too much. Second, he has too much sugar, which is harmful to his health. On the whole, it is a healthy diet. Apart from the fact that the food is too much for a 10-year-old Chinese boy on a typical day. • Diet of a 10-year-old Chinese boy on a typical day. Breakfast: one or two eggs, a cup of milk, one or two piece of bread, etc. Lunch: rice or steamed bread, fish or meat, vegetables, etc. Supper: rice or steamed bread or noodles, vegetables, fish or meat, soup, etc. Snack during the day: some fruit, candies, cookies, drinks, etc. • Difference between the British boy and a Chinese boy: 1. The British boy eats a wider variety of things. 2. The British boy eats more than a Chinese boy.

6. Sample Two Student A. Breakfast: some porridge, one egg, some fried-sticks. Lunch: rice, fish, or meat, some vegetables. Supper: rich, noodles, fish or meat, some vegetables. Snack during the day: an apple, several cups of Coke. Student B. Breakfast: a cup of milk, some bread. Lunch: dumpling (jiaozi), some vegetables. Supper: noodles, fish or meat, some vegetables. 2. Advice on the improvement of the diets. 1. Student A should have some fruit every day. 2. Student B should drink some milk every day. 3. Both A and B should add some varieties in their diets, because different foods contain different nutrients the body need.

7. Part II Listening-centered Activities

8. Listening I. Grapefruit, bacon, toast, marmalade, preserves Exercise I. listen to the dialogue and fill in the order list below with the information you get from the tape. An order list Name: Mr. and Mrs. Sands. Room:1. 226. Time:2. 7:30 am.

9. Exercise II. Directions: Work in groups of three. One will be the waiter or waitress and the other two customers. Make up a dialogue ordering food for breakfast. Waitress: can I help you? Customer A: we’d like to have our breakfast Waitress: what would you like to have? Customer A: I’d like to start with fruit juice, fresh orange juice. Waitress: Ok, sir. (turn to customer B) what do you prefer, madam? Customer B: Well, I’d like some apple juice. And then, bacon, eggs, and some toast with butter please. Customer A: Oh, I’d like to have some cornflakes with whole milk and tow boiled eggs. Waitress: All right. Please wait a moment. Your breakfast will soon be ready.

10. Listening II Passion, counter, McDonald’s, cardboard, plastic, container, tight-fitting, drive-in Mexican, Italian, menu, microphone, trash, Debbie Exercise I . Directions: Listening to the first part of the passage and complete the following by filling in the blanks. • In a fastfood restaurant, when a customer says “to go”, it means to take out. The cooked and hot food in a fastfood restaurant is usually packed into cardboard or plastic containers. Hot drinks would go into plastic cups with tight-fitting lids. • People who eat at a drive-in restaurant first stop at a board where the menu is displayed, give an order through a microphone and then drive another twenty yards, where a girl hands them the meal. • Those who eat at a table in a fastfood restaurant also receive their food in the same containers, and the knives, forks and spoons are plastic too. When they have finished, customers throw everything except the tray into a trash can.

11. Exercise II.Dictions: Listen to the second part of the passage and answer the following questions. • What is said about service in restaurants and coffee shops in America? Efficient and friendly. • What impression do waiters and waitresses give customers when they introduce themselves? Their friendliness is natural and isn’t entirely because they hope to set a high tip. • What is an appropriate amount for a tip? 15% of the check. • What is one of the most pleasant things about waiters and waitress? They refill a customer’s coffee cup several times for no extra charge.

12. Listening IIIExercise: listen to the tongue twisters and fill in the blanks with the words you hear. Listen again to check your answers. Then practice saying these tongue twisters as quickly as possible. • The big baker bakes black bread. • The bun is better buttered Bill buttered.. • Cheryl’s cheap chip shop sells cheap chips. • You can have: fried fresh fish, fish fried fresh, fresh fried fish, fresh fish fried. • All I have is a proper cup of coffee. Made in a proper coffeepot You can believe it or not--- I want a cup of coffee In a proper coffeepot. Tin coffeepots, Iron coffeepots They’re no use to me. If I cannot have a proper cup of coffee In a proper copper coffeepot I’ll have a cup of tea.

13. Part III Reading-centered Activities

14. In-class Reading

15. Background Information

16. What is culture Culture is a large and evasive concept. Scholars have all tried to define culture in a satisfactory manner, but each is dissatisfied with the other’s definition. As a result, we now have over 150 different definitions as reviewed by Kroeber and Kluckhohn in their book Culture, A Critical Review of Concept and Definition (1936). Over a century ago, E.B.Taylor defined culture as “a complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by individuals as members of a society.” adamson Hoebel referred to culture as the “integrated sum total of learned behavioral traits that are manifest and shared by members of society.” Sapir(1921) says “Culture may be defined as what a society does and thinks:. Benedict says in her book Patterns of Culture (1935), what really binds men together is their culture-the ideas and the standards they have in common. Brown’s definition (1978) is “ A culture is a collection of beliefs, habits, living patterns and behaviors which are held more or less in common by people who occupy particular geographic areas.” kohls (1979) defines culture as an “integrated system of learned behavior patterns that are characteristic of the members of any given society. Culture refers to the total way of life of particular groups of people. It includes everything that a group of people thinks, says, does, and makes. Culture thus is a mixture of language, ideas, beliefs, customs, taboos, codes, institutions, tools, techniques, works of art, rituals, ceremonies, and other related components.

17. Vocabularies

18. Anthropologist: a person who specializes in the study of people, their societies, cultures etc. • Anthropology • Logy: biology, sociology, psychology, geology Appropriate: a. suited to; in keeping with, proper, suitable • Be appropriate for/to do something e.g. Plain, simple clothes are appropriate for school wear.

19. Forbid (forbade, forbidden): order (sb.)not to do sthg. prohibit. • Stop/prevent/hinder/prohibit +object+from doing. • Forbid +object+to do sthg. Protection n. • Protecting or being protected. E.g. these tender plants need protection against the weather. • Person or thing that protects. E.g. Wearing a heavy overcoat as a protection against the cold. • Protect vt. Protective a. • Protect sb. /sthg from /against sthg.

20. Sacred a. • Of God; connected with religion. Holy e.g. they entered the sacred mosque. • (to be) treated with great respect e.g. In India the cow is a sacred animal. • Sacr. Sacrifice, sacrament.

21. Be sick of • I’m sick of this bad weather. • I’m sick of his artificialness. In addition to: as well as • In addition to apples you asked for, I bought you some oranges. Regard as • I regard it as one of my masterpieces. • I regard this as of great importance.

22. Difficult Sentences

23. As a result, people from one culture often think the foods that people from another culture eat are disgusting or nauseating. (L2-3) • In this sentence, “people from one culture often think” is followed by a object clause, “ the foods that people from another culture ear are disgusting or nauseating”; in this object clause, there is another attributive clause “that people from another culture eat”, which modifies the word “the foods”. • As a result of: therefore. An accident took place in the rush hour. As a result, the traffic jam prevented me from coming on time. He was late as a result of the traffic jam. • Disgusting: unpleasant and making someone feel sick. • Therefore, people from one culture often think the foods that people from another culture eat are unpleasant to eat, and they even make people feel sick. • 因此，来自一种文化的人通常会认为来自另一文化的人所吃的事物是令人厌恶或是令人作呕的。

24. Some people in Africa think African termites make a delicious meal. (L8) • Make: be suitable or have the qualities, characters,etc., necessary for a particular job, use or purpose. She will made a good teacher. This piece of cloth will make a beautiful skirt. • Some people in Africa think that African termites are suitable for a delicious meal. • 有些非洲人认为非洲白蚁可以做成美餐。

25. …but one hundred grams of termites contain more than twice as many as calories and almost twice as much as protein as one hundred grams of cooked hamburger. (L9-11) • Twice as many….as; twice as much as….. 倍数+ as….as. I have twice as many books as you She spends half as much money on clothing as I do. • Contain: have……as a part The jar contains sugar. How much does this bottle contain? • …but one hundred grams of termites contain over twice as many calories as one hundred grams of cooked hamburger and contain twice as much protein as one hundred grams of cooked hamburger • 但每百克白蚁所含热量是100克制作好的汉堡包所含热量的两倍多，而其所含的蛋白质也几乎是后者的两倍。

26. Thieves will not usually enter a house where there is a dog because the dog will bark and possibly attack a stranger who is trying to get into a house. (L35-37) • If there is a dog in the house, thieves will not usually enter it, because the dog will bark and probably bite a stranger who is trying to get into the house. • 盗贼一般不会进入有狗的房屋，因为当陌生人企图走进房子时狗会大叫甚至供给他。

27. One explanation for the pig-eating taboo is that pork that is not cooked efficiently may spread a disease called trichinosis.（L41－42） • In this sentence, “that pork that is not cooked sufficiently may spread a disease called trichinosis” is a predicative clause. • There is a reason used to explain why the pig-eating is a taboo. It is that pork may spread a disease if it is not cooked enough. The name of the disease is trichinosis. • 吃猪肉是一大禁忌的一种解释是，没有煮好的猪肉会传染旋毛虫病。

28. Abstract of the text

29. Abstract of the text We all have ideas about what kinds of foods are good to eat and what kinds of foods are bad to eat. People with different cultural background will hold different views on the same food. However, food likes and dislikes do not always seem related to nutrition. In some cultures, certain foods are taboo. For example, cow are sacred in India. Another example is that Americans do not eat dogs. Eating habits have become one part of a culture. Anthropologists believe that most food likes and dislikes are a result of the ways of different people.

30. After-class Reading

31. The Menu

32. Developments in printing finally led to a change and the larger restaurants’ floor plans jade a single handwritten menu impractical, so printed menus were introduced. With the development of printing, a change finally occurred.（L5） • Lead to: result in eg. His scandal led to his resignation. • “Floor Plan” means the “drawing of a room, apartment, or floor of a building”居室，楼层平面图 • Impractical: not practical. An impractical plan • The larger restaurants’ floor plans made a single handwritten menu unsuitable, so printed menus were made to meet the needs in new situations. • 印刷业的发展最终导致了一场变革，而规模较大的餐馆的楼面布置使单一的手写菜单显得不实用，于是就引进了印刷的菜单。

33. Special occasions led to a call for a unique designs and eventually led to more highly decorated menus. （L13） • Call: n. request, need I have many calls on my time. You have no call for more money. • Unique: 唯一的，独特的 Be unique to. This writer has a unique style. This custom is unique to China. • At some special occasions, menus of particular kind are needed. Thus, in order to meet this need, more and more menus are greatly decorated. • 特殊场合需要独特的设计，于是促成了装饰更精美的菜单的出现。

34. Restaurant Management magazine in its November 1935 issue stated that most restaurant owners considerably underestimated the importance of the appearance of the menu. (L29-31) • Issue: 发行，刊物 The latest issue of a magazine. Today’s issue of “The Times” • Considerably: ad. Much, a great deal. It’s considerably colder today. • 《餐馆经营管理》杂志1935年11月那一期明确表示，大多数餐馆的主人过低估计了菜单外表的作用。

35. Progress in printing, photography, and especially color photography opened up more opportunities for creative expression. (L39-40) • Open up: make possible the development of sth,; start 开发，开始， 提供（机会，可能性） The chance meeting opened up new possibilities for me. A new life was opening up before her. • Improvement in printing, photography and particularly color photography offered more opportunities to express creative ideas. • 印刷术语摄影术的进步，特别是彩色摄影术的出现，为创造性思维的展现提供了广阔的天地。

36. Since then, menu design has provided the American public with a pleasing prelude to the dining experience. (L48) • Provide….with….: supply. 提供，供应。 They provided the suffers with food and clothes. Provide……for…. They provided food and clothes for the sufferers. • Prelude n. 前奏，预兆，序曲，前兆。Prelude to sthg. The incident was the prelude to the war. • From then on, appreciating the magnificent menu serves a good beginning of American people’s dining experience. • 从那以后， 赏心悦目的菜单成了美国大众进餐的前奏、

37. For many generations of diners, taking a restaurant menu has been a way of preserving a memory or documenting a trip or voyage. (L52) • Document v. prove or support with documents; record用证件证明，记录，记载 The history of this area is very well documented. • For many generations of diners, a restaurant menu has been a way of sweet memory or recording a trip or voyage. • 对于一代代食客来说，拿一份菜单已成为保留美好回忆或记录一次旅行或航行的一种形式。

38. The Nutrients in Food

39. Nutritionists call eight of them amino acids essential because the body itself can not produce them.（L25） • Experts on nutrition think there are eight amino acids highly necessary for human body because the body itself can not produce them. • 营养学家公认有八种氨基酸最为重要，必不可少，因为人体不能制造它们。

40. Vitamin A in diet comes from deep yellow fruits and vegetables, dark green leafy vegetables, and whole milk.(L64) • Deep: dark, intense 深浓的 Deep yellow, 深黄的； deep red 深红 • Dark: 深的，暗的 Dark blue 深蓝； dark blue eyes 深褐色的眼睛。 • Leafy: covered with leaves, having leaves • Whole milk: unskimmed milk. 全脂牛奶。 • 深黄色水果和蔬菜，深绿色的叶状蔬菜和全脂牛奶中富含维生素A。

41. Rickets is more common in countries that have long winters with little sunshine, in cities that have pollution that keeps the sun out, and in towns surrounded by mountains that keep the sun out.(L.82) • Some countries have long winters therefore sunshine is not sufficient; some cities are very seriously polluted that keeps the sun out, and in towns surrounded by mountains that keep the sun out. • 在冬季漫长，日照时间短的国家，污染严重的城市和被山脉环绕的城镇里，由于光照不足，佝偻病比较常见。