1 / 56

Session 5: CSP Overview - 1

Session 5: CSP Overview - 1. Agenda Discussion of Homework Overview Heat Engines Storage Trough Systems Homework Assignment. Learning Objectives. Students should be able to Compare CSP vs. PV in meeting customer needs Describe the three basic CSP approaches and their status

ulani
Download Presentation

Session 5: CSP Overview - 1

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Session 5: CSP Overview - 1 Agenda Discussion of Homework Overview Heat Engines Storage Trough Systems Homework Assignment

  2. Learning Objectives • Students should be able to • Compare CSP vs. PV in meeting customer needs • Describe the three basic CSP approaches and their status • Explain how steam, gas turbine and Stirling engines work • Draw a schematic of a power tower system with thermal storage • Modify the above schematic to incorporate a hybrid gas turbine • Calculate the cost-of-electricity for a CSP system • Compare typical CSP and PV plant supply chains • Give examples of current CSP Projects and describe them • Predict how CSP technologies will develop in the future • Conceptually define a CSP system based on given requirements

  3. Example CSP Plants

  4. So What’s New? Dish/Steam Irrigation System circa 1900 at Broadway and the railroad tracks in Tempe, Arizona

  5. Desirable Grid Power • High Quality • Harmonics • Power Factor • Available • Dispatchable • Continuous • Low Cost • Renewable (Gov. Reqt.)

  6. Solar Plant Design Considerations Design Requirements Risk Fossil Fuel (?) Solar Input (Variability) Ambient Conditions Water Electrical Power Solar Plant Design

  7. Basic CSP Concept C O N C E N T R A T O R High Temperature Energy Receiver/Heat Engine Low-level Solar Energy Generator Low Temperature Heat Sink

  8. Heat Engine Efficiency Qin at Thot • Engines operate on the 2T Principle • Carnot efficiency • Engines are limited by the Carnot efficiency • Goal is to maximize efficiency to reduce collector field size • At some point, the cost of higher efficiency increases overall cost W, Useful Work Engine Qout at Tcold η = Thot – Tcold = 1 – Tcold Thot Thot

  9. Power Cycle Efficiencies Source: Summary Report for Concentrating Solar Power Thermal Storage Workshop, NREL/TP-5500-52134 August 2011

  10. United States Solar Market Source: SES Presentation toAZ/NV SAE, 2005

  11. International Solar Market Source: SES Presentation toAZ/NV SAE, 2005

  12. Basic CSP Concept C O N C E N T R A T O R High Temperature Energy Receiver/Heat Engine Low-level Solar Energy Generator Low Temperature Heat Sink

  13. CSP System Elements Receiver Generator Concentrator Heat Engine Balance Of Plant GRID

  14. CSP System Elements Balance Of Plant GRID Receiver Generator Concentrator Heat Engine • Trough • Heliostats(Power Tower) • Dish • Linear • Cavity • Tubular • Volumetric • Synchronous • Induction • Rankine • Steam • Organic • Gas Turbine • Stirling • Combined • Hybrid (fossil fuel)

  15. Types of Concentrating Solar Power Systems Source: Powerpoint Presentation, Muller-Steinhagen et al., Concentrating Solar Power: A Vision for Sustainable Electricity Generation, Institute for Technical Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center, Stuttgart (DLR)

  16. Types of Concentrating Solar Power Systems

  17. Types of CSP Systems • Single-axis tracking • Parabolic troughs • Moderate temperature • Central engine • Moderate efficiency • Dual-axis tracking • Heliostats • Flat facets • High temperature • Central engine • Higher efficiency • Dual-axis tracking • Parabolic facets • High temperature • Distributed engines • Highest efficiency

  18. Types of Receivers Linear Receiver Cavity Receiver Tubular Volumetric • Power Tower • Dish • Quartz window • Gas working fluid • High temperature • Low convection losses • Parabolic trough • Moderate temperature • Power Tower • Dish • Gas and liquid fluid • High temperature • Convection losses

  19. Cavity Receiver Source: SES Presentation toAZ/NV SAE, 2005

  20. Volumetric Receiver Source: Powerpoint Presentation, Muller-Steinhagen et al., Concentrating Solar Power: A Vision for Sustainable Electricity Generation, Institute for Technical Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center, Stuttgart (DLR)

  21. Heat Engines Wet Cooling Dry Cooling Dry Cooling No Cooling Gas Turbine Cycle (30-40% efficient) Steam (Rankine) Cycle (30-35% efficient) Stirling Cycle (40-45% efficient) Trough Power Tower Power Tower Dish Dish

  22. Steam (Rankine) Cycle Heater Gen Gen Turbine Pump Condenser P Cooler Ambient Air

  23. Gas Turbine (Brayton) Cycle Qin from fuel Combustor Turbine Gen Gen Compressor Ambient Air Ambient Air

  24. Semi-Closed Brayton Cycle Qin Heater Turbine Gen Compressor Gen Ambient Air Ambient Air

  25. Recuperated Semi-Closed Brayton Qin Ambient Air Recuperator Turbine Heater Gen Compressor Gen Ambient Air

  26. Stirling Engine is Closer to Carnot For expansion and compression processes: • In Rankine system, Thot varies, butTcold is relatively constant • In Brayton system, Thot varies and Tcoldvaries • In Stirling system, Thot and Tcold approach constant values

  27. Source: SES Presentationto AZ/NV SAE, 2005

  28. CSP System Elements Receiver Generator Concentrator Heat Engine Balance Of Plant GRID

  29. CSP System Elements Losses Receiver Generator Concentrator Heat Engine Losses Losses Losses Balance Of Plant Losses GRID

  30. CSP System Elements Losses Receiver Generator Concentrator Heat Engine Losses Losses Losses Balance Of Plant Losses Sunlight-to-Busbar Efficiency ηsys = ηconcηrecηengηgenηBOP GRID

  31. CSP Advantage: Storage Storage Receiver Generator Concentrator Heat Engine Balance Of Plant GRID

  32. Storage Advantages • Extends operation during peak demand hours • Maintains output during transient clouds • Provides power on-demand (dispatchable) Source: NREL website

  33. Trough Plant Components B C Source: NREL A Source: NREL

  34. Power Tower Plant Components A B Source: NREL C

  35. Dish/Engine Plant Components A B C Source: SES Presentationto AZ/NV SAE, 2005

  36. Levelized Cost of Electricity Comparison Source: PowerPoint presentation, Brett Prior, November 2011, GTM Research, www.greentechmedia.com/article/read/can-solar-thermal-be-cheaper-than-pv/

  37. Trough CSP

  38. SEGS Units • Solar Electric Generating Systems • Mohave Desert, Built 1984-1990 • Trough/Steam/Evap. Cooling • Up to 25% Output from Natural Gas • 9 Plants: 14, 30, 80 MWe • 354 MWe Total Output Aerial view of five (SEGS III – VII), 30-MW SEGS solar plants Source: NREL

  39. SEGS VI: 30 MWe • Kramer Junction • Start-up: 1988 • Field Supply Temp: 390 degrees Celsius • Field Size: 188,000 m2 • Luz International • KJC Operating Company Figure 1.1. Parabolic troughs at a 30 MWe (net) SEGS plant in Kramer Junction, CAJanuary 2006 • Angela M. Patnode • “Simulation and Performance Evaluation of Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plants”

  40. Solar Field Design • Single-axis tracking collector troughs • Float-formed, parabolic-curved mirrors • Heat collection element (HCE) runs through focal line • Thermal energy into heat transfer fluid (HTF) • Trough axes north-south • Track east to west Solar Collector Assembly (SCA) SOURCE: January 2006 • Angela M. Patnode • “Simulation and Performance Evaluation of Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plants”

  41. Figure 2.1. Layout of the SEGS VI solar trough field. The superimposed arrows indicate the direction of heat transfer fluid flow. (Photo source: KJC Operating Company, 2005)January 2006 • Angela M. Patnode• “Simulation and Performance Evaluation of Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plants” SEGS VI Layout

  42. January 2006 • Angela M. Patnode • “Simulation and Performance Evaluation of Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plants” Parabolic Trough Collector End of Row Flexible Joints

  43. Figure 2.3. Schematic of a Solar Collector Assembly (SCA) (Source: Stuetzle, 2002)January 2006 • Angela M. Patnode • “Simulation and Performance Evaluation of Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plants” Overall Trough Collector Design

  44. Heat Collection Element (HCE) • Steel absorber tube 70 mm in diameter • Coated with either black chrome or cermet • Vacuum between absorber and glass envelopeto limit heat loss Photo source: Solel UVAC, 2004

  45. Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) • Synthetic oil -- mixture of biphenyl and diphenyl oxide (Therminol VP-1) • Receives solar energy and transfers it to steam cycle in a three-stage boiler (reheater not shown) Superheater Steam Cycle/ Generator Solar Field Steam Generator Pump Pre-heater

  46. Source:G. Cohen, Solargenix Energypresentation to IEEE Renewable Energy, Las Vegas, May 16, 2006 Simplified Overall Schematic

  47. Transfer of HTF Energy to Steam Plant Source: January 2006 • Angela M. Patnode • “Simulation and Performance Evaluation of Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plants”

  48. Figure 2.1. Layout of the SEGS VI solar trough field. The superimposed arrows indicate the direction of heat transfer fluid flow. (Photo source: KJC Operating Company, 2005)Source: January 2006 • Angela M. Patnode• “Simulation and Performance Evaluation of Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plants” SEGS VI Layout

  49. SEGS VI: Solar Field Layout Row of 8 SCAs East Field (25 Parallel Loops) Row of 8 SCAs Row of 8 SCAs Row of 8 SCAs Steam Heat Exchangers Row of 8 SCAs West Field (25 Parallel Loops) Row of 8 SCAs Adapted from “Simulation and Performance Evaluation of Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plants” Jan 2006, Angela M. Patnode Row of 8 SCAs Row of 8 SCAs

  50. SEGS VI Performance June 21, 2004 December 21, 2004 Why is Solar Input so low in winter? Source: January 2006 • Angela M. Patnode • “Simulation and Performance Evaluation of Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plants”

More Related