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World War II

World War II. The Power of Good and Evil. It is the evening of October 5, 1937. You turn on the radio and hear a voice that sounds familiar- it’s President Franklin Roosevelt. “The peace, the freedom and the security of ninety percent of the

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World War II

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  1. World War II The Power of Good and Evil

  2. It is the evening of October 5, 1937. You turn on the radio and hear a voice that sounds familiar- it’s President Franklin Roosevelt. “The peace, the freedom and the security of ninety percent of the population of the world are being jeopardized by the remaining ten percent,” Roosevelt says. You think about what the President is saying. A few nations are putting the rest of the world in danger. You turn the volume up. We are determined to keep out of war,” Roosevelt says, “yet we cannot insure ourselves against the disastrous effects of war and the danger of involvement.” That sounds bad. He’s saying that the United States may be forced to go to war. You wonder how this news will affect your future.

  3. Essential Question: Should the US intervene in foreign affairs when the lives and safety of others are at stake?

  4. What was Europe like in the 1920s and 1930s? How were leaders like Stalin, Mussolini and Hitler able to gain and keep power in their societies? Daily Essential Question

  5. WHAT’S GOING ON AROUND THE WORLD • The Great Depression began in the United States but quickly spread to other parts of the world • Many Europeans lost confidence in their governments and turned to new leaders who promised to make their troubles disappear. • Even at the price of giving up their freedom

  6. Germany • blamed the Treaty of Versailles • huge debts to repay after losing World War I • money was worthless • angry that other European countries were still armed but the peace treaty forbid them to have arms

  7. Check for Understanding • What was Europe like in the 1920s and 1930s? • How did Germans react to the Treaty of Varsailles?

  8. Democracy vs. Dictatorship • Form of government where the ruler has complete control • They are not restricted by a constitution, laws, or opposition. • Individual freedoms are denied. • Gain and keep control through military aggression • The word democracy comes from Greek and means “rule of the people.” • Form of government where the people take part in governing. • Individual freedoms • Leaders are bound by laws and a constitution.

  9. Turn and Talk • Which form of government do you think is best? • What would make a person willing to give up his/her freedoms?

  10. The Rise of European Dictators Axis Powers: Germany Italy Japan

  11. Adolf Hitler • Leader of Germany • Axis Powers • Rose to power as a result of the Depression • Used military aggression to gain power • Leader of the Nazi Party who believed in facism (needs of state above individual) • Believed German race was superior to other races • Hated many groups of people, especially Jews • Responsible for the Holocaust

  12. Hitler’s Goal?

  13. Benito Mussolini • Leader of Italy • Dictator • Came to power as a result of the Depression • Part of the Axis Powers

  14. General Tojo • Prime Minister of Japan • Government=military dictatorship • Japan’s leader was a dictator • Wanted to secure its economic prosperity by controlling the Far East

  15. Who’s Who? • Adolf Hitler • Leader of Germany • Part of the Axis Powers • Rose to power as a result of the Depression • Leader of the Nazi Party • Believed German race was superior to other races • Set out to get rid of all Jewish people (Holocaust) • Fascism form of government

  16. Who’s Who? • Benito Mussolini • Leader of Italy • Dictator • Came to power as a result of the Depression • Part of the Axis Powers

  17. Who’s Who? • General Tojo • Prime Minister of Japan • Japan had a militaristic government; dictatorship • Japan’s leader was a dictator • Wanted to secure its economic prosperity by controlling the Far East

  18. Check for Understanding Why was Hitler a threat to other European nations? How were leaders like Hitler and Mussolini able to gain and keep power in their societies?

  19. Leaders of the Allied Powers Who’s Who

  20. Franklin D. Roosevelt • Leader of the US during WWII • US eventually became part of the Allied Powers • Led a democracy • Wanted the US to stay out of the war - neutrality • When Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, FDR declared war

  21. Winston Churchill • Leader of Great Britain (England or United Kingdom) • Part of the Allied Powers • Led a constitutional monarchy

  22. Joseph Stalin • Leader of Russia • Dictator • Led a communist form of government • Although he was also a dictator, he was opposed to Hitler • Part of the Allied Powers

  23. Who’s Who? • Winston Churchill • Leader of Great Britain (England or United Kingdom) • Part of the Allied Powers • Led a democracy

  24. Who’s Who? • Joseph Stalin • Leader of Russia • Dictator • Led a communist form of government • Opposed to Hitler • Part of the Allied Powers

  25. Who’s Who? • Franklin Roosevelt • Leader of the US during WWII • US became part of the Allied Powers • Led a democracy • Wanted the US to stay out of the war • When US was bombed (Pearl Harbor) FDR declared war

  26. Allied Powers • United States • Great Britain • Russia

  27. Daily Essential Question • What factors contributed to the start of World War II? • Why would these dictators be a threat to other European nations?

  28. Vocab. Review • Nationalism • Love for one’s country and desire to have it free from the control of another • Imperialism • Extending rule or authority over another country by acquiring and holding colonies

  29. Where are the Axis Powers?? Germany Italy Japan

  30. Time to Discuss!! What countries were part of the Axis Powers? Where were they located?

  31. Events leading to war in the European Theater • Germany, Italy, and Japan were imperalistic(gaining power by taking over other countries) • Formed an alliance in 1936—Axis Powers

  32. Invaded Czechoslovakia and Austria, Ethiopia, China • (1931-19390 • European leaders reaction-- appeasement (giving in to their demands in order to prevent war) • Germany invaded Poland Great Britain and France declared war on Germany

  33. Analyze It Who does the largest figure depict? What is he doing? Who agree with the message of this cartoon?

  34. Germany invaded France and defeated them • Constant bombing of Great Britain—Battle of Britain • (July 1940 – May 1941) • Germany broke agreement with Stalin & invaded USSR (Russia) • (1941)

  35. Daily Essential Question Should the United States sell arms to other nations? Should the US get involved?

  36. Should the US get involved?? Winston Churchill, the leader of the British government, urged President Roosevelt to help Great Britain. Most Americans wanted to stay out of the fighting. The country was still suffering from the Great Depression. They wanted to focus on their own troubles. There was strong support for the policy of isolationism.

  37. Time to Discuss! • Think: • What do you see in this political cartoon? • What message do you think this cartoon is conveying? • Pair: • Pair with with your shoulder partner and share your answers. • Share: • Discuss responses with the class.

  38. Can you be involved without being involved? Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease Act – March 1941

  39. What was the lend-lease act?

  40. The Pacific Theater

  41. The War Hits Home Even though many Americans wanted to stay out of the war, other events occurred that drew the US in. On December 7, 1941, Japanese planes bombed the US naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Bombs sank American warships and destroyed American planes. Thousands of American soldiers, sailors, and civilians were killed. People who had wanted to remain isolated, now wanted to declare war on Japan.

  42. We declare war… The United States House of Representatives and Senate voted to declare war on Japan. Germany and Italy quickly declared war on the United States. The United States was now one of the Allies.

  43. War on Two Fronts European Theater Pacific Theater

  44. The End of the Depression • Roosevelt called on factory owners and workers to focus on making military equipment. • Automobile companies stopped making cars and starting making military tanks and trucks. • The US airplane industry grew rapidly becoming the biggest industry in the world! • What was the effect of this increase in production? • It created millions of jobs and as a result the Great Depression ended.

  45. Weapons of World War 2 Aviation Communication Weapons • Albert Einstein told Roosevelt that is might be possible to build a very powerful bomb. • Einstein also warned that Germany was working on one. • By 1945, the US had two atomic bombs ready • . • This arms race resulted in government spending which stimulated the economy. • Bombers were improved during WWII. • They could fly farther. • The bombers had radar which allowed pilots to spot enemy planes. • These improvements also led to commercial flights. • Secret codes were used to send messages during WW11. • Computers were invented to crack the enemy’s code. • This helped the allies win the war.

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