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By Marion Robinson Education 7202T Spring 2012

Parental Involvement: How effective is parental involvement in helping raise the math achievement levels of students?. By Marion Robinson Education 7202T Spring 2012. Table of Contents. Research Design Threats to Internal Validity Threats to External Validity Proposed Data Graphs

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By Marion Robinson Education 7202T Spring 2012

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  1. Parental Involvement: How effective is parental involvement in helping raise the math achievement levels of students? By Marion Robinson Education 7202T Spring 2012

  2. Table of Contents • Research Design • Threats to Internal Validity • Threats to External Validity • Proposed Data • Graphs • References

  3. Research Design • Pre- Experimental • One- Group Pretest- Posttest • Symbolic design: O X 0 1.A Group is pretested 2. The group is administered a treatment 3. A posttest is given to the group • Groups are not randomly assigned

  4. Threats to Internal validity • History: an event that happens between the pretest and the posttest and effects the dependent variable such as the principle entering the experimental classroom during the treatment. • Mortality: a participant cannot continue and has to dropout of the study. • Testing/Pre-test Sensitization: the scores on the posttest are possibly due to participants having been given a pretest. • Instrumentation: participants could give false information on their surveys and questionnaires. • Statistical Regression: students score high on the pretest and lower on the posttest or score low on the pretest and high on the posttest.

  5. Threats to External Validity • Selection Treatment Interaction: students are not randomly assigned which limits the generalizability of a study. • Reactive Effects: The Hawthorne Effect and John Henry Effect – Participants behave differently because they are participating in a study. • Experimenter Effects: the researcher might consciously or unconsciously act in a way that influences the way participants respond or perform.

  6. Proposed Data • Questionnaires • Surveys • Pre and Post tests

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  8. The chart and graph below show the mean, median and mode or the pretest and posttest scores Pretest PosttestMean 62.64706 67.05882 Median 70 70 Mode 70 85

  9. References O’Conner- Petruso. (2008). Statistics, Scales, Analysis, Threats, and Design. Presented at an Edu.7012T lecture at Brooklyn College

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