Chapter 2

1. Circulation and Respiration Chapter 2 Vocabulary Cardiovascular System Heart, Blood and Blood Vessels Vein Artery blood carried away from the heart carries blood to the heart

2. Section 1: The Cardiovascular System Pulmonary Circulation Systemic Circulation blood flows from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart blood flows from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart

3. Section 1 The Cardiovascular System The heart is the organ made mostly of cardiac muscle. Heart The Cardiovascular System: 1. Helps maintain homeostasis. 2. Helps in regulation by chemical signals called hormones. cardiac 1. What is the Heart muscle called?_____________ ligament

4. carries blood to the heart Vein Veins: Valves in the veins keep the blood 
from flowing backward. 1. Veins keep the blood flowing. 2. Veins carry blood to the heart. 1. What carries blood to the heart?_____________ veins oxygen http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GbttJ-5do9M Click on the blue button to watch a video on the Heart.

5. blood carried away from the heart Artery Arteries: Arteries have thick walls that contain 
muscle. 1. Artery walls stretch. 2. Arteries are strong to stand pressure. stretch 1. What do the walls do in the artery?________________ break strong 2. Arteries stand pressure because they are?___________________ weak

6. Section 2: Blood Blood Pressure Blood fluid that carries nutrients and wastes force of blood

7. fluid that carries nutrients and wastes Blood The fluid part of the blood is called Plasma. Plasma contains: 1) Red blood cells 2) White blood cells 3) Platelets Red blood cells take oxygen to every cell in your body. Red Blood Cells Hemoglobin is an oxygen-carrying protein. Platelets are pieces of larger cells found in bones. White blood cells keep you healthy by destroying pathogens. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vEmsaXA-go0 Click on blue button to watch a video on blood and platelets.

8. Blood Pressure force of blood Blood pressure cuff Blood pressure is given as two numbers: Systolic: 1st number: is the pressure inside large arteries when the ventricles contract. Diastolic: 2nd number: is the pressure inside arteries when the ventricles relax. Each person has one of four blood types: A, B, AB, O http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/videos/humanbody/heart.html Click on the blue button to watch a video on the heart.

9. Section 3: The Lymphatic System The Lymphatic System collects excess fluid and returns it to your 
bloodstream. Tonsils Bone Marrow lymphatic tissue at the back of the mouth on either side of the tongue soft tissue inside the bone

10. soft tissue inside the bone Bone Marrow Most red and whiteblood cells are produced in your bone marrow. Bone marrow is located inside the bone. 1) Where is bone marrow located?_________ inside outside blood cells 2) What is produced in the marrow?_________ lymph nodes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_d0ykpzQgY Click the blue button to watch a video on how the blood pumps. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xpsGsfuffEM Click the blue button to watch a video on red blood cells.

11. lymphatic tissue at the back of the mouth on either side of the tongue Tonsils Tonsils help the body defend against 
infection. Sometimes tonsils can become sore and 
swollen. If a child has frequent infections or has 
enlarged tonsils, a doctor will remove the 
tonsils. 1) What helps your body against infection?_______________ tonsils healthy eating

12. Section 4: The Respiratory System The process where the body gets oxygen and releases carbon dioxide Respiration Throat Pharynx The part of the throat that contains the vocal cords Larynx The tube that connects the larynx to the lungs Trachea

13. The process where the body gets oxygen and releases carbon dioxide Respiration Breathing: Inhaling & Exhaling Cellular Respiration - You need to breathe to live. - Chemical reactions that release 
energy from food. breathing 1) What do you need to live?________________ a dog oxygen 2) What do you inhale?______________ carbon dioxide carbon dioxide 3) What do you exhale?____________ Blowing up a balloon is exhaling. oxygen

14. Pharynx Throat Food and drink travel through the pharynx on the way to the stomach. A) The pharynx branches into two tubes. B) One tube is the esophagus and the other is the larynx. C) The esophagus leads to the stomach. D) The larynx leads to the lungs. esophagus 1. What tube leads to the stomach?_____________ lungs

15. 1 The part of the throat that contains the vocal cords Larynx The vocal cords are a pair of elastic bands that stretch across the larynx. A) Muscles connected to the larynx control how much the vocal cords are stretched. B) When air flows between the vocal cords, the cords vibrate. C) These vibrations make sound. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xH8mT2IQz7Y Click on the blue button to watch a video on sound. air flow 1) Why do vocal cords vibrate?____________ larynx liquid flow 2) What makes sound?______________ vibrations elastic bands

16. The tube that connects the larynx to the lungs Trachea The Trachea is also known as your windpipe. A) Your body has two, large spongelike lungs. B) The trachea is the passageway for air traveling from the larynx to the lungs. 1) What is the passageway for air?____________________ trachea esophagus 2) the trachea is also known as the?___________________ windpipe esophagus