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Elements of a Short Story

Elements of a Short Story. Genre - A type or category (of literature, film, etc.) Examples: novel, musical, drama…. Definition of Short Story. “A brief fictional narrative, written in prose.” Fictional : Untrue Narrative : A Story

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Elements of a Short Story

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  1. Elements of a Short Story • Genre- A type or category (of literature, film, etc.) Examples: novel, musical, drama….

  2. Definition of Short Story • “A brief fictional narrative, written in prose.” • Fictional: Untrue • Narrative: A Story • Prose: Written in full sentences, paragraph style (as opposed to poetry)

  3. 1. The origin of man-oral tradition History of the Short Story

  4. Bible- parables: stories with morals/lessons

  5. Greek/Roman Period Incidents/Epics

  6. Middle Ages Knights Fables

  7. 1800’s • Short Stories Edgar Allen Poe Washington Irving

  8. The Short Story 4. Theme 1. Plot 2. Characters 5. Author’s Style 3. Setting

  9. Plot The series of events (action) that takes place in a story. Rising Action- climax-denouement.

  10. Plot DiagramDraw this on the bottom of your hand out Climax Exposition Resolution Rising Action Falling Action

  11. Exposition • The beginning of the story when we meet the characters and discover the conflict • Setting; characters; conflict

  12. Narrative Hook • Catches the readers attention and makes the reader want to keep reading • Maybe an introduction of the problem

  13. Rising Action • Events of the story that move the story along • PLOT

  14. Climax • Turning point of the story. • High point of interest

  15. Falling Action • The final events of the story that bring the story to a close

  16. Resolution • End of the story when readers figure out the theme and the solution to the conflict

  17. Theme • The author’s purpose for • writing the story--the • “message” that the reader • receives.

  18. Setting Setting Time, place, historical background (other things going on in the time period, for example, the Civil War.

  19. Suspense • Feeling of curiosity or uncertainty about the outcome of events in a story

  20. Foreshadowing • Events in the story that are used to suggests things that have yet to happen. • Used to create suspense

  21. Characterization • Direct---author states character’s traits directly • Indirect---author shows character’s personality through their actions, words, feelings, etc…

  22. Characters • We learn about a character through • DADI • Description of the character • Actions of the character • Dialogue of the character • Interaction with other characters • .

  23. Characters • Round • Flat • Static • Dynamic

  24. Characters can be either static or dynamic.

  25. Static characters never change

  26. Dynamic Characters change (psychological)

  27. Characters can also be Round or Flat • Shows many traits and/or flaws • Only shows a single trait or flaw

  28. Characters may be the protagonist (hero or…) An antagonist (villain)

  29. Point of View • 1st Person-Told by a character in the story. Forrest Gump (Tom Hanks: “My mama always said life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you're gonna get.”)

  30. Point of View 3rd person limited- Told by an outside narrator-focus on one character 3rd person omniscient-narrator is all knowing of other characters thought and motivations

  31. Conflict • Problem to be solved • Five types:

  32. Person vs. self Person vs. Person

  33. Person vs. Nature Person vs. Society

  34. Person vs. Higher Power

  35. Complications • Events that stand in the way of the conflict being resolved.

  36. Imagery • Use of words that appeal to the senses • Smell---the rancid odor of decaying flesh • Sight---the brilliant colors of the twilight sky • Taste---the flavor was that of dirty mud covered in moss

  37. Symbolism • Author uses something that represents more than what it is. • Something stands for something else • IE: The flag represents freedom, liberty, etc.

  38. Allegory • Story told that has more than one level of meaning • Literal level---an eagle is a bird • Symbolic level---the eagle represents freedom

  39. Irony • When the opposite happens from what you think would happen (situational)

  40. Types of Irony • Verbal---using words • Situational---events • Dramatic---audience knows something character doesn’t

  41. Flashback • Tell something that happened earlier

  42. Inference • Using information to draw conclusions about a character or situation

  43. Author’s Style current past Charles Dickens Steven King Langston Hughes John Grisham Willam Shakespeare

  44. Word Choice • Vocabulary • Sentence Structure • Use of special devices • (foreshadowing, flashback, • personification)

  45. Author’s Style • Surprise ending

  46. Mood Mood Mood For example: peaceful, threatening, scary

  47. Parable • Simple, brief narrative that teaches a lesson by using characters and events to stand for abstract ideas • Watch this parable

  48. Allusion • Reference to something historical, societal, artistic, or otherwise famous/well-known

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